Biology 111

Question 1 of 94

1

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Select one of the following:

ATP is transported into the cell from the circulatory system.
Other cells take over, and the muscle cells that have used up their ATP cease to function.
Catabolic processes are activated that generate more ATP.
He or she has to sit down and rest.

Explanation

Question 2 of 94

1

A number of systems for pumping ions across membranes are powered by ATP. Such ATP-powered pumps are often called ATPases, although they do not often hydrolize ATP unless they are simultaneously transporting ions. Because small increases in calcium ions in the cytosol can trigger a number of different intracellular reactions, cells keep the cytosolic calcium concentration quite low under normal conditions, using ATP-powered calcium pumps. For example, muscle cells transport calcium from the cytosol into the membranous system called the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). If resting muscle cell's cytosol has a free calcium ion concentration of 10^(-7) while the concentration in the SR is 10^(-2), then how is the ATPase acting?

Select one of the following:

ATPase activity must be opening a channel for the calcium ions to diffuse back into the SR along the concentration gradient.
ATPase activity must be pumping calcium from the cytosol to the SR against the concentration gradient.
ATPase activity must be powering an inflow of calcium from the outside of the cell into the SR.
ATPase activity must be transferring Ⓟi to the SR to enable this to occur.

Explanation

Question 3 of 94

1

Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature?

Select one of the following:

The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions.
Since the cell membrane forms a border between one cell and another in tightly packed tissues such as epithelium, the membrane must be asymmetrical.
Since cell membranes communicate signals from one organism to another, the cell membranes must be asymmetrical.
Proteins only function on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which results in the membrane's asymmetrical nature.

Explanation

Question 4 of 94

1

Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl CoA molecules. These acetyl groups ________.

Select one of the following:

directly enter the energy-yielding stages of glycolysis.
directly enter the electron transport chain.
are directly decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase.
directly enter the citric acid cycle.

Explanation

Question 5 of 94

1

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence ______.

Select one of the following:

3'UAACGU5'
5'UGCAAU3'
5'TAACGT3'
5'TGCAAT3'

Explanation

Question 6 of 94

1

In solution, why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily than condensation reactions?

Select one of the following:

Hydrolysis raises G, or Gibbs free energy.
Hydrolysis increases entropy and is endergonic.
Hydrolysis increases entropy and is exergonic.
Hydrolysis decreases entropy and is exergonic.

Explanation

Question 7 of 94

1

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

Select one of the following:

As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.
Living organisms are able to transform energy into entropy.
Life obeys the second law of thermodynamics because the decrease in entropy as the organism grows is exactly balanced by an increase in the entropy of the universe.
Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must increase with time.

Explanation

Question 8 of 94

1

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this probably mean?

Select one of the following:

Proton pumps are necessary to all cell membranes.
Cells of each domain evolved proton pumps independently when oceans became more acidic.
Proton gradients across a membrane were used by cells that were the common ancestor of all three domains of life.
The high concentration of protons in the ancient atmosphere must have necessitated a pump mechanism.

Explanation

Question 9 of 94

1

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by _____.

Select one of the following:

increasing the percentage of cholesterol molecules in the membranes
decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane
cotransport of glucose and hydrogen
increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane

Explanation

Question 10 of 94

1

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of ______.

Select one of the following:

allosteric regulation
active transport
a reaction with a positive delta G
an endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction

Explanation

Question 11 of 94

1

Which of the following processes includes all others?

Select one of the following:

passive transport
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
transport of an ion down its electrochemical gradient

Explanation

Question 12 of 94

1

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

Select one of the following:

It requires the presence of membrane-enclosed cell organelles found only in eukaryotic cells.
It is found in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells.
It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms.
It produces much less ATP than does oxidative phosphorylation.

Explanation

Question 13 of 94

1

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a

Select one of the following:

biosystem
community
population
ecosystem
family

Explanation

Question 14 of 94

1

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into

Select one of the following:

the energy of motion
carbon dioxide and water
the potential energy of chemical bonds
oxygen
kinetic energy

Explanation

Question 15 of 94

1

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is

Select one of the following:

light energy
kinetic energy
thermal energy
chemical energy
ATP

Explanation

Question 16 of 94

1

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

Select one of the following:

animal
plant
archaea
fungi
protists

Explanation

Question 17 of 94

1

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

Select one of the following:

evolution
emergent properties
reductionism
the cell theory
feedback regulation

Explanation

Question 18 of 94

1

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?

Select one of the following:

a bioinformatic system
positive feedback
negative feedback
feedback inhibition
enzymatic catalysis

Explanation

Question 19 of 94

1

When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and, as a result, the blood glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and, as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result of

Select one of the following:

catalytic feedback
positive feedback
negative feedback
bioinformatic regulation
protein-protein interactions

Explanation

Question 20 of 94

1

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication

Select one of the following:

Proceeds away from the replication fork
Depends upon the action of DNA polymerase
Proceeds in the 3' to 5' direction
Does not require a template strand

Explanation

Question 21 of 94

1

What does the reactivity of an atom depend on?

Select one of the following:

Number of valence shells in the atom.
Number of orbitals found in the atom.
Number of electrons in each orbital in the atom.
Presence of unpaired electrons in the outer valance shell of the atom.
Presence of the hybridized orbitals in the atom.

Explanation

Question 22 of 94

1

A covalent chemical bond is one in which...

Select one of the following:

electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged.
protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms.
outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to satisfactorily fill the outer electron shell of both atoms.
outer-shell electrons of an atom are transferred to the inner electron shells of another atom.
the inner-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to the outer-shell of another atom.

Explanation

Question 23 of 94

1

Which of the following is the best example of gene expression?

Select one of the following:

A frog adapts to variation in its environmental temperature.
Mouse fur color results from pigment formed by gene-encoded enzymes.
DNA is replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle.

Explanation

Question 24 of 94

1

What results from an unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?

Select one of the following:

A nonpolar covalent bond.
A polar covalent bond.
An ionic bond.
A hydrogen bond.
A hydrophobic interaction.

Explanation

Question 25 of 94

1

Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?

Select one of the following:

Ionic bonds
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Polar covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Covalent bonds

Explanation

Question 26 of 94

1

One liter of a solution of pH has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1L of a solution of pH 6?

Select one of the following:

4 times more
400 times more
4,000 times more
10,000 times more
100,000 times more

Explanation

Question 27 of 94

1

Observe the structure of glucose and fructose in the figure. These two molecules are...

Select one of the following:

geometric isomers
enantiomers
structural isomers
nonisotopic isomers

Explanation

Question 28 of 94

1

Polymers of polysaccharides, fats and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process?

Select one of the following:

Connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions)
The addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis)
The removal of water (dehydration reactions)
Ionic bonding of the monomers
The formation of disulfide between monomers

Explanation

Question 29 of 94

1

The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different

Select one of the following:

Carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
Amino groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon
Side chains (R groups)
Alpha (α) carbons
Asymmetric carbons

Explanation

Question 30 of 94

1

The tertiary structure of a protein is the...

Select one of the following:

bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds.
order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain.
unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide.
organization of a polypeptide chain into a a-helix or B-pleated sheet.

Explanation

Question 31 of 94

1

Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

Select one of the following:

DNA → RNA → Proteins
RNA → Proteins → DNA
Proteins → DNA → RNA
RNA → DNA → Proteins
DNA → Proteins → RNA

Explanation

Question 32 of 94

1

Which of the following are nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

Select one or more of the following:

thymine
adenine
uracil
guanine
cytosine

Explanation

Question 33 of 94

1

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell's membrane?

Select one or more of the following:

Phospholipids
Cellulose
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins

Explanation

Question 34 of 94

1

The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its concentration gradient with the help of energy input is...

Select one or more of the following:

Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Exocytosis

Explanation

Question 35 of 94

1

The sodium-potassium is called an electrogenic pump because it...

Select one of the following:

Pumps equal quantities of Na+ and K+ across the membrane.
Pumps hydrogen ions out of cells.
Contributes to the membrane potential.
Ionizes sodium and potassium atoms.
Is used to drive the transport of other molecules against a concentration gradient.

Explanation

Question 36 of 94

1

Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

Select one of the following:

Catalysis
Metabolism
Anabolism
Dehydration
Catabolism

Explanation

Question 37 of 94

1

Which of the following statements regarding ATP is (are) correct?

Select one or more of the following:

ATP serves as a main energy shuttle inside cells.
ATP drives endergonic reactions in the cell by the enzymatic transfer of the phosphate group to specific reactants.
The regeneration of ATP from ADP and phosphate is an endergonic reaction.

Explanation

Question 38 of 94

1

In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?

Select one of the following:

CO2 and H2O
CO2 and pyruvate
NADH and pyruvate
CO2 and NADH
H2O, FADH2, and citrate

Explanation

Question 39 of 94

1

The primary role of oxygen in cellular respiration is to...

Select one of the following:

Yield energy in the form of ATP as it is passed down the respiratory chain.
Act as an acceptor for the electrons and hydrogen.
Combine with carbon, forming CO2.
Combine with lactate, forming pyruvate.
Catalyze the reactions of glycolysis.

Explanation

Question 40 of 94

1

From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are...

Select one of the following:

The paracrine, local, and synaptic stages
Signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response
Signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation
The alpha, beta, and gamma stages
Signal reception, cellular response, and cell division

Explanation

Question 41 of 94

1

Which of the following is/are true of ligand-gated ion channels?

Select one or more of the following:

They are important in the nervous system.
They lead to changes in sodium and calcium concentration in cells.
They open or close in response to a chemical signal.

Explanation

Question 42 of 94

1

Which of the following is true of the process of meiosis?

Select one of the following:

Two diploid cells result
Four diploid cells result
Four haploid cells result
Four autosomes result
Four chiasmata result

Explanation

Question 43 of 94

1

What was the most significant conclusion that Gregor Mendel drew from his experiments with pea plants?

Select one of the following:

There is considerable genetic variation in garden peas.
Traits are inherited in discrete units, and are not the results of "blending".
Recessive genes occur more frequently in the F1 than do dominant ones.
Genes are composed of DNA.
An organism that is homozygous for many recessive traits is at a disadvantage.

Explanation

Question 44 of 94

1

The leading and the lagging strands differ in that

Select one of the following:

The leading strand is synthesized in the same direction as the movement of the replication fork, and the lagging strand is synthesized in the opposite direction
The leading strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, and the lagging strand is synthesized by adding nucleotides to the 5' end.
The leading strand is synthesized continuously, whereas the lagging strand is synthesized in short fragments that are ultimately stitched together.

Explanation

Question 45 of 94

1

RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase differ in that

Select one of the following:

RNA polymerase uses RNA as a template and DNA polymerase uses a DNA template
RNA polymerase binds to single-stranded DNA and DNA polymerase binds to double-stranded DNA
RNA polymerase is much more accurate than DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase can initiate RNA synthesis but DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis.
RNA polymerase does not need to separate the two strands of DNA in order to synthesize an RNA copy, whereas DNA polymerase must unwind the double helix before it can replicate the DNA.

Explanation

Question 46 of 94

1

A frameshift mutation could result from...

Select one of the following:

a base insertion only
a base deletion only
a base substitution only
deletion of three consecutive bases
either an insertion or a deletion of a base

Explanation

Question 47 of 94

1

Thylakoids are present in chloroplasts.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 48 of 94

1

The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membranes of some animals

Select one of the following:

enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops.
enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids.
enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids.
makes the membrane less flexible, allowing it to sustain greater pressure from within the cell.
makes the animal more susceptible to circulatory disorders.

Explanation

Question 49 of 94

1

According to the fluid mosaic model of cell membranes, which of the following is a true statement about membrane phospholipids?

Select one of the following:

They can move laterally along the plane of the membrane.
They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other.
They occur in an uninterrupted bilayer, with membrane proteins restricted to the surface of the membrane.
They are free to depart from the membrane and dissolve in the surrounding solution.
They have hydrophilic tails in the interior of the membrane.

Explanation

Question 50 of 94

1

What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?

Select one of the following:

large and hydrophobic
small and hydrophobic
large polar
ionic
monosaccharides such as glucose

Explanation

Question 51 of 94

1

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

Select one of the following:

CO2
an amino acid
glucose
K+
starch

Explanation

Question 52 of 94

1

Molecules with which functional groups may form polymers via dehydration reactions?

Select one or more of the following:

hydroxyl groups
carbonyl groups
carboxyl groups

Explanation

Question 53 of 94

1

Which of these molecules is not formed by dehydration reactions?

Select one of the following:

Fatty acids
Disaccharides
DNA
Protein
Amylose

Explanation

Question 54 of 94

1

Which of these classes of biological molecules consist of both small molecules and macromolecular polymers?

Select one of the following:

lipids
carbohydrates
proteins
nucleic acids

Explanation

Question 55 of 94

1

Which of the following is not a polymer?

Select one of the following:

glucose
starch
cellulose
chitin
DNA

Explanation

Question 56 of 94

1

How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

Select one of the following:

12
11
10
9
8

Explanation

Question 57 of 94

1

Which of the following are polysaccharides?

Select one or more of the following:

lactose
glycogen
chitin
cellulose
amylopectin

Explanation

Question 58 of 94

1

The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following?

Select one of the following:

Removal of a water molecule
Addition of a water molecule
Formation of a glycosidic bond
Formation of a hydrogen bond
Both removal of a water molecule and formation of a hydrogen bond

Explanation

Question 59 of 94

1

Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

Select one of the following:

101
100
99
98
97

Explanation

Question 60 of 94

1

What methods may be used to elucidate the structures of purified proteins?

Select one or more of the following:

X-ray crystallography
bioinformatics
analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments
NMR spectroscopy

Explanation

Question 61 of 94

1

One of the primary functions of RNA molecules is to

Select one of the following:

transmit genetic information to offspring.
function in the synthesis of proteins.
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
form the genes of higher organisms.

Explanation

Question 62 of 94

1

The element present in all organic molecules is

Select one of the following:

Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus

Explanation

Question 63 of 94

1

Differences among organisms are caused by...

Select one of the following:

large differences in elemental composition from organism to organism.
differences in the types and relative amounts of organic molecules synthesized by each organism.
differences in the elements that bond with carbon in each organism.
differences in the sizes of the organic molecules in each organism.
differences in inorganic compounds present in each organism.

Explanation

Question 64 of 94

1

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Select one of the following:

ionic
hydrogen
covalent
covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Explanation

Question 65 of 94

1

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water?

Select one of the following:

The majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
The majority of their bonds are nonpolar covalent carbon-to-hydrogen linkages.
They are hydrophilic.
They exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity.
They are lighter than water.

Explanation

Question 66 of 94

1

How many structural isomers are possible for a substance having the molecular formula C₄H₁₀?

Select one of the following:

1
2
4
3
11

Explanation

Question 67 of 94

1

Which of the following statements correctly describes cis-trans isomers?

Select one of the following:

They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
They have the same chemical properties.
They have different molecular formulas.
Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Explanation

Question 68 of 94

1

Research indicates that ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

Select one of the following:

have identical chemical formulas but differ in the branching of their carbon skeletons.
are mirror images of one another.
exist in either linear chain or ring forms.
differ in the location of their double bonds.

Explanation

Question 69 of 94

1

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?

Select one of the following:

It lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.
It should dissolve in water.
It should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent.
It won't form hydrogen bonds with water.
It is hydrophobic.

Explanation

Question 70 of 94

1

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Select one or more of the following:

ketone
methyl
amino
carbonyl
carboxyl
hydroxyl
sulfhydryl

Explanation

Question 71 of 94

1

Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?

Select one of the following:

They are essential components of cell membranes.
They are not soluble in water.
They are made of fatty acids.
They are hydrophilic compounds.
They contribute to atherosclerosis.

Explanation

Question 72 of 94

1

All of the following contain amino acids except...

Select one of the following:

hemoglobin
cholesterol
abtibodies
enzymes
insulin

Explanation

Question 73 of 94

1

Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?

Select one of the following:

A nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
A nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.
A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
A phosphate group and an adenine or uracil.
A pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine.

Explanation

Question 74 of 94

1

A primary objective of cell fractionation is to...

Select one of the following:

view the structure of cell membranes.
sort cells based on their size and weight.
determine the size of various organelles.
separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined.
separate lipid-soluble from water-soluble molecules.

Explanation

Question 75 of 94

1

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except...

Select one of the following:

DNA
a cell wall
a plasma membrane
ribosomes
an endoplasmic reticulum

Explanation

Question 76 of 94

1

Which of the following is a major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

Select one of the following:

Limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases.
The difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
The need for a surface area of sufficient area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
Rigid cell walls that limit cell size expansion.

Explanation

Question 77 of 94

1

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

Select one of the following:

mitochondria
golgi vesicles
microtubules
centrosomes
peroxisomes

Explanation

Question 78 of 94

1

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

Select one of the following:

lipids
glycogen
proteins
cellulose
nucleic acids

Explanation

Question 79 of 94

1

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large and complex lipids. Which cellular organelle must be involved in this condition?

Select one of the following:

the endoplasmic reticulum
the Golgi apparatus
the lysosome
mitochondria
membrane-bound ribosomes

Explanation

Question 80 of 94

1

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Select one of the following:

lysosome
vacuole
mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
peroxisome

Explanation

Question 81 of 94

1

Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?

Select one of the following:

They do not depend on enzymes.
They are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions.
They consume energy to build up polymers from monomers.
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers.

Explanation

Question 82 of 94

1

Which of the following is the smallest closed system?

Select one of the following:

a cell
an organism
an ecosystem
Earth
the universe

Explanation

Question 83 of 94

1

Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?

Select one of the following:

Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.
Metabolism depends on an organisms adequate hydration.
Metabolism uses all of an organism's resources.
Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.

Explanation

Question 84 of 94

1

A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as...

Select one of the following:

endergonic
endothermic
exergonic
spontaneous

Explanation

Question 85 of 94

1

Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?

Select one of the following:

Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy.
Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two.
It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis.

Explanation

Question 86 of 94

1

Which of the following statements is true concerning catabolic pathways?

Select one of the following:

They combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules.
They supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for the cell's work.
They are endergonic.
They are spontaneous and do not need enzyme catalysis.

Explanation

Question 87 of 94

1

When chemical, transport, or mechanical work is done by an organism, what happens to the heat generated?

Select one of the following:

It is used to power yet more cellular work.
It is used to store energy as more ATP.
It is used to generate ADP from nucleotide precursors.
It is lost to the environment.

Explanation

Question 88 of 94

1

The active site of an enzyme is the region that

Select one of the following:

binds allosteric regulators of the enzyme.
is involved in the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.
binds noncompetitive inhibitors of the enzyme.
is inhibited by the presence of a coenzyme or a cofactor.

Explanation

Question 89 of 94

1

For the enzyme-catalyzed reaction shown in the figure, which of these treatments will cause the greatest increase in the rate of the reaction, if the initial reactant concentration is 1.0 micromolar?

Select one of the following:

doubling the activation energy needed
cooling the reaction by 10°C
doubling the concentration of the reactants to 2.0 micromolar
doubling the enzyme concentration
increasing the concentration of reactants to 10.0 micromolar, while reducing the concentration of enzyme by 1/2

Explanation

Question 90 of 94

1

This question is based on the reaction A + B ↔ C + D shown in the figure. Which of the following terms best describes the forward reaction in the figure?

Select one of the following:

endergonic, ∆G > 0
exergonic, ∆G < 0
endergonic, ∆G < 0
exergonic, ∆G > 0
chemical equilibrium, ∆G = 0

Explanation

Question 91 of 94

1

The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event?

Select one of the following:

glycolysis
accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
the citric acid cycle
the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP

Explanation

Question 92 of 94

1

Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located?

Select one of the following:

cytosol
mitochondrial outer membrane
mitochondrial inner membrane
mitochondrial intermembrane space
mitochondrial matrix

Explanation

Question 93 of 94

1

In any ecosystem, terrestrial or aquatic, what group(s) is (are) always necessary?

Select one of the following:

autotrophs and heterotrophs
producers and primary consumers
photosynthesizers
autotrophs
green plants

Explanation

Question 94 of 94

1

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during...

Select one of the following:

photosynthesis only
respiration only
both photosynthesis and respiration
neither photosynthesis nor respiration

	Created by Nicole Berozsky over 10 years ago

Quiz questions to study for the final exam.

Biology 111

Question 1 of 94

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds. What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 2 of 94

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 3 of 94

Cell membranes are asymmetrical. Which of the following statements is the most likely explanation for the membrane's asymmetrical nature?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 4 of 94

Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathway are acetyl groups of acetyl CoA molecules. These acetyl groups ________.

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Question 5 of 94

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence ______.

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Question 6 of 94

In solution, why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily than condensation reactions?

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Question 7 of 94

Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?

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Question 8 of 94

Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every domain of organisms: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What does this probably mean?

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Question 9 of 94

The membranes of winter wheat are able to remain fluid when it is extremely cold by _____.

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Question 10 of 94

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using the energy released by movement of protons across the membrane down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of ______.

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Question 11 of 94

Which of the following processes includes all others?

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Question 12 of 94

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

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Question 13 of 94

A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a

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Question 14 of 94

Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into

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Question 15 of 94

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is

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Question 16 of 94

Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?

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Question 17 of 94

To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?

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Question 18 of 94

Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and frequency until delivery. The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?

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Question 19 of 94

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Question 20 of 94

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA replication

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