The storage, retention and recall of events, information and procedures.
Memory varies in quality based on the nature of the information retained and recalled, level of interest and significance to the individual.
Distinctive/unusual information is easier to retain is the Effect.
Types of Memory.
1. 2.
Types of long-term declarative memory.
Under proper conditions, children as young as three can make accurate reports of events.
A delay between the event and the questioning will not affect the accuracy of a child's answer.
The image shows the accurate Information-Processing View of Memory
The Information-Processing View of Memory includes the sensory memory storage, short-term memory or working memory & the long term memory.
Long-term memory...
It begins to come back (the thalamus is a relay and integration station for sensory information going to the cerebral cortex)
It’s a system for processing current information.
You got a hint - an effective retrieval cue.
These cues are generated internally or suggested by others.
It has three major components.
Working memory is a new conceptualization of the intermediate stage between first encounter with new information and eventual storage.
Memory is a complex combination of many processes, and its properties depend on the following factors:
The type of material memorized
The individual’s experience with similar materials
The length of time since the material was previously encountered
All of the above
Better memory for items at beginning of lists.
Better memory for the items at the end of lists.
Repeating the material you are memorize.
Superficial Processing
Deeper Processing
Still Deeper Processing
Think about each item or each part of the material.
Note associations between the items or parts of the material.
The more emotional arousing an event is, the greater the likelihood that it will be remembered.
Any memory aid that encodes items in a special way.
This happens when remembering an event, you start with details you remember clearly, and fill in gaps.
Three understandable reasons for forgetting:
1. 2. 3.
Difficulty learning new information.
Difficulty retrieving old memories.
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