1.2 Earthquakes

Question 1 of 29

14

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Longitudinal

Transverse

Lateral movement

Can travel through solids and liquids

Controlled by incompressibility

Body waves

Cannot pass through liquids

Controlled by rigidity

Travel at 70% of the speed of P waves

Reflected by Moho

Last to arrive

Surface wave

Large amplitude

Long wavelength

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

1

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

0-70km

70-300km

300-700km

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

2

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

1

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Select one of the following:

0
12
1
-6

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

2

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

1

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

1

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

1

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

1

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

2

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

1

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

1

S waves can travel through liquids.

Select one of the following:

True
False

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

1

Define the term magnitude.

Select one of the following:

A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.
A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

1

Define the term intensity.

Select one of the following:

A measure of the damage caused by an earthquake.
A measure of the amount of strain released by an earthquake.

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

1

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

competent

Unconsolidated

oscillates

low

higher

greater

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

1

Define: Seismograph

Select one of the following:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

1

Define: Seismometer

Select one of the following:

A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into a signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.

Explanation

Question 21 of 29

1

Define: Seismogram

Select one of the following:

A device which receives and records seismic vibrations.
A device which receives seismic vibrations and converts them into s signal which can be transmitted and recorded.
A paper or electronic record made by a seismograph.

Explanation

Question 22 of 29

4

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

Explanation

Question 23 of 29

2

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

increase

absorb

speed

amplitude

damage

Explanation

Question 24 of 29

2

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Explanation

Question 25 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Explanation

Question 26 of 29

1

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

Explanation

Question 27 of 29

1

How do earthquakes cause liquefaction?

Select one of the following:

The ground vibrates and so behaves like a liquid.
The ground shakes.
The ground collapses due to rise of water.

Explanation

Question 28 of 29

1

Fill the blank space to complete the text.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.

Explanation

Question 29 of 29

5

How can the impact of an earthquake be reduced on built structures?

Flexible pipes and electricity ❌
- prevents pipes from ❌ / stops ❌
Cross-bracing
- ❌ building
Mass on roof of tall buildings / ❌
- acts as a counterbalance as the building ❌
❌ shaped structure
- more stable due to ❌ base
Base ❌
- ❌ ground vibrations
Reinforced ❌
- provides greater ❌ and firmer base

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

cables

fracturing

fires

strengthens

damping

sways

Pyramid

wider

isolation

absorbs

foundations

support

	Created by Izzy Backhouse over 9 years ago

pgs. 14-23

1.2 Earthquakes

1.2 Earthquakes

Question 1 of 29

Complete the table on properties of seismic waves.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Explanation

Question 2 of 29

Complete the table to show how earthquakes are classified by the depth of the focus.

Select correct option below corresponding to the highlighted orange point

Explanation

Question 3 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Earthquakes do not at depths greater than 720km because deeper, warm rocks are not enough to so do not occur.

Explanation

Question 4 of 29

What is the rigidity of a liquid?

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 5 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

The S wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees. The P wave shadow zone is found at: degrees to degrees.

Explanation

Question 6 of 29

Body waves travel through the interior of the Earth.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 7 of 29

Surface waves travel just below the Earth's surface.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 8 of 29

L waves lose energy slowly with distance away from the epicentre.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 9 of 29

Body waves are responsible for damage to buildings.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 10 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates. = the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Explanation

Question 11 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Isoseismal line = A on a map which joins up points of equal , separating zones of different intensities.

Explanation

Question 12 of 29

At the Gutenberg discontinuity P waves slow down and refract from their original path.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 13 of 29

S waves can travel through liquids.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 14 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Mercalli Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area. - It is a point scale.

Explanation

Question 15 of 29

Fill the blank spaces to complete the text.

Richter Scale: - Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves. - The values are then converted into a scale.

Explanation

Question 16 of 29

Define the term magnitude.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 17 of 29

Define the term intensity.

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 18 of 29

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock: Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily. Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures. L wave amplitude is ❌. ❌ sediment ❌ freely. L wave amplitude ❌. Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Select option below to complete the highlighted text

Explanation

Question 19 of 29

Define: Seismograph

Select one of the following:

Explanation

Question 20 of 29

The S wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.
The P wave shadow zone is found at:
degrees to degrees.

Focus = The point the Earth at which the earthquake originates.
= the point on the Earth's surface, directly the focus and shows where the greatest amount of is likely to occur.

Mercalli Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake based on the felt in a particular area.
- It is a point scale.

Richter Scale:
- Measures the of an earthquake by recording the of seismic waves.
- The values are then converted into a scale.

Amplitude of L-waves in different types of rock:

Solid, ❌ rocks allow vibrations to pass through easily.
Waves are transferred with minimal damage to structures.
L wave amplitude is ❌.

❌ sediment ❌ freely.
L wave amplitude ❌.
Intensity ❌ than on consolidated rock.

Earthquakes occur in solid, , competent rocks as they suddenly and move relative to each other.
The seismic energy is transmitted through the rocks as seismic .

Weak incompetent rocks steadily under stress by folding or plastic flow. They do not so earthquakes cannot occur.

How will intensity and damage to buildings change if underlying geology consists of unconsolidated sands?

The intensity will ❌ as unconsolidated sands ❌ the seismic waves, which decreases the wave ❌ and increases the wave ❌, resulting in greater ❌ to buildings.

The of seismic waves is larger in unconsolidated sediments resulting in greater to buildings.
In consolidated sediment the seismic waves are .

Physical effects of earthquakes:
Ground
Damage to
L
Land
After
T

Social and economic effects of earthquakes:
Infrastructure and c damaged affects how quickly people can respond to effects of earthquake.
Damaged water pipes can affect supply of clean water and lead to risk of disease spreading.
D and i of people impacting families.
Loss of p supply.

How do earthquakes cause tsunamis?

A large of water is displaced as a result of the earthquake being at a shallow depth below the sea.