10271715
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Flashcards by Kristina Lambert-Vickers, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solvent. |
| solvent | The solute is added to this substance. This was water and alcohol in our class. |
| soluble | Dissolves completely in the water. |
| partially soluble | Some of the solute dissolves. |
| insoluble | The solute does not dissolve. |
| homogeneous | The mixtures is all the same. (even) |
| heterogeneous | The mixtures has different substances. |
| Define Molarity | Molarity is a unit of concentration measuring the number of moles of a solute per litre of solution Moles per liltre MilliMoles per litre |
| What is the molarity of a solution containing 0.75 mol NaCl in 4.2 liters? | 0.179M of NaCl in 4.2L 0.75 /divided by/ 4.2L = 0.179M |
| If a concentration is given as percent, E.g 5% of Glucose in 1L of fluids | The percentage is a mass percentage, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (Quite simply, 5% dextrose means the solution contains 5g/100ml of solution). |
| Define Solution | A solution is where the solute has been completely dissolved. |
| Define Tyndall Effect | The Tyndall effect, is light scattering by particles in a colloid or else particles in a very fine suspension. Positive = beam of light scattered so liquid is a suspension or colloid Negative= Beam of light non scattered so the liquid is a true solution |
| Define Suspension and list characteristics | Solute particles mixed into the solvent but not dissolved-so they are suspended. Cloudy Particles will settle on standing Heterogeneous Suspensions will reflect light = Tyndall Positive |
| Define Colloids and list their characteristics | In between a true solution and suspension Large particles-so cloudy Particles don't settle and are too large to pass through semi permeable membrane Tyndall Positive |
| List the different types of Colloid Suspension | Foam-air suspended in liquid Emulsions-One liquid dispersed in another Sols-Solid dispersed in a solid, liquid or gas Gels-Liquids dispersed in solids |
| Emulsions-Types and characteristics | Emulsions can be either Hydrophilic or Hydrophobic. Made from one liquid dispersed in another. Example:Fatty cream is a non-greasy moisturiser, used to treat dry skin conditions such as eczema. It is a water in oil emulsion. When applied to the skin it works by providing a layer of oil on the surface of the skin, which traps water beneath it and prevents water evaporating from the skin surface. |
| Is Blood a suspension, Colloid or a solution | Blood is actually all 3 Suspension-Various blood cells Colloid-Proteins in plasma Solution-Electrolytes, gases and glucose |
| Define Cohesion and Adhesion | Cohesion-Forces of attraction between similar particles. Adhesion-Forces of attraction between dissimilar molecules |
| What are the functions of water in the body? | Transport (blood is mostly water) Removal of waste (via urine and feaces) Gas Exchange in the lungs Body Temp regualtion Normal cell function |
| What are electrolytes? | Electrolytes are minerals in your body that have an electric charge. They are in your blood, urine and body fluids. |
| What elements/minerals are electrolytes? | Sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, phosphate and magnesium are all electrolytes. |
| What is the function of electrolytes in the body? | Function of electrolytes helps your body's blood chemistry, muscle contraction nerve impulse water and fluid movement in the body Cellular energy/respiration |
| Define the Role/Regulation etc of Na+ Electrolyte | Sodium Na+ Main cation in ECF Promotes H2O retention Maintains BP and BV Resting Membrane Potential RDI 1500mg per day Regulated by ADH, ANP & Aldosterone |
| Define the Role/Regulation etc of K+ Electrolyte | Potassium Main cation in ICF Maintains normal ICF Volume Neuromuscular Function RDI 300 mg per day Regulated by Aldosterone |
| Define Hypernatremia | Too much Na+, lack of H20 Caused by dehydration Signs-Thirst, High BP and Swelling |
| Define Hyponatremia | Low Na+, high H20 Caused by H2O saturation Signs: Dizziness, low BP, muscular weakness |
| Define Hyperkalemia | High K+ and Low H2O Usual cause is renal failire and crush injuries Signs: Irritable, Nausea/Vomiting, cardiac irregularites |
| Define Hypokalemia | Low K+ High H20 Caused by prolonged vomiting & Diarrhea, Kidney disease Signs: Muscle fatigue, confusion and cardiac irregularities |
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