13071233
Description
Flashcards by J yadonknow, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by J yadonknow
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Darwin's experiment | Cap on tip - no bending Conclusion - tip sense light, response elsewhere New Hypothesis: Chem. substance transported |
| Steroids | Cholesterol Test/Oest/Cortisol |
| Peptides | GH, PTH, Oxytocin |
| Amino Acids | TH, catecholeamines |
| Endocrine -FDBCK | External stimulus Hypothalamus Releasing hormone AP Tropic hormone Hormone |
| Pituitary gland function | Releases hormones that regulate other hormone glands |
| Tumour | Only grow upward, sits in skeletal fossa, compresses optic nerve |
| Where is A.P? | Always same size as optic chiasma |
| P.P. hormones | Oxytocin/ADH |
| P hormone release | Produced in paraventricular + supraoptic nucleus Travel intraxonally Stored in axon terminals Released into CB when + by action potential from pituitary |
| Oxytocin MOA | Binds to R Raises IC [Ca2+] Acts as 2' mess. Triggers myoepithelial cells of mammary glands to contract |
| Neuroendocrine reflex of milk secretion | Suckling-> Hypo -> p.p. -> oxytocin -> milk ejection |
| A.P. hormones FLAT PG | FSH gonads gonadotrophs LH gonads gonadotrophs ATCH adrenal glands corticotrophs TSH Thyroid gland Thyrotrophs Prolactin Mammary glands Lactotrophs GH Bone/skel. muscle somatotrophs |
| Hypothalamus control of A.P. GCTG SD | GnRH -> FSH/LH Corticotropin RH -> ACTH TRH -> TSH GHRH -> GH SS -| Prolactin DA -| Anterior pituitary |
| Posterior lobe circulation | Neurohypophysis Neurosecretory cell transport hormone to P.P. |
| Anterior lobe circulation | Portal vein connects pituitary + hypothalamic CB |
| Direct met. effects of GH | Anabolic Opposes insulin, stims cells to converse glucose for CNS. |
| Effects on muscle | Decreased glucose uptake Increase aa uptake/pro synth. Increased muscle mass |
| Effects on adipose tissue | Decreased glucose uptake increased lipolysis Decrease in fat deposits |
| Effects on liver | Increased gluconeogenesis Increased protein synthesis Stimulates IGF production |
| Indirect growth promoting effect of GH | GH-> Liver -> IGF -> skeletal growth/bone deposition/cartilage formation -> Soft tissue growth / protein synthesis/ cell proliferation |
| When does bone response cease? | When growth plates fuse |
| Somatopause | Decrease in LBM Decrease in bone mineral density Increase in body fat |
| - FDBCK of this | External conditions Hypothalamus Releasing Hormone AP GH Liver IGF-1,2 |
| Gigantism | Excessive IGF while epiphyseal growth plates are open |
| Acromegaly | Excessive GH after fusion of epiphysis Cardiomegaly Diabetes due to anti-insulin action |
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