14107828
Description
Flashcards by Quynh Tran, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Quynh Tran
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Interleaved vs Blocked Learning | Blocked = clumping problems together to solve; for immediate problems Interleaved = solving each problem one by one; good for long-term |
| Meshing Hypothesis: Real or nah? | States that each person has a different learning style that is better for them; but technically not true bc some learning helps in certain ways |
| Prototype Theory | represents the average; can depend on exp ex: shoe has different words in different parts of the US |
| Exemplar Theory | compare new instances w stored memories for other times |
| Superordinate; Basic Level; Subordinate Categories | general (vehicles, animals...); cars, cats; toyota, calico cat gets more specific as you go down |
| Linguistic determinism | theory that language affects the way you think, but technically it only affects the way you see the world ex: bridge is male or female?? |
| Availability Heuristic vs Representativeness Heuristics | heuristic = mental shortcut what is most remembered/recent is the one you recall vs judging you based on what you seem to be rather than data ~stereotypes |
| What is Framing Effects and what does it do? | changing how an issue is presented can change people's decisions |
| Loss aversion | Avoid losses > achieve wins |
| Sunk-Cost Fallacy | prior investment taken into account when making decisions about future ex: you bought ticket, but you got sick; but you still feel obligated to go even tho u sick bc u spent money |
| Prospect Theory aka why do we suffer from sunk-cost fallacy | losses mean more than gains |
| Means-End Heuristic Analogical Problem Solving | divide big problem into smaller problems and work from current to goal knowing how to solve a prob bc you solved smth similar before |
| What effects do other people have on our decisions? | Normative influence - wanting to conform Informational influence - when you agree w others when you think they right Group polarization - say things to agree w others Social facilitation - we work better w others |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | overestimating disposition influences and underestimating situational influences on people's behavior who they are vs what situation they in |
| Postdecisional Dissonance | tfw you chose LA > SD so you think of bad things of SD and good things of LA |
| Foot in the door Door in the face Low-balling | start w small and go big; start w big then request small; already committed? how about more :) |
| Teratogens | anything that can impair the embryo or fetus' development esp since babies learn in the womb!!!! |
| Baby facts | babies tend to get bored easily (habituation) like looking at things that look like faces probably cannot remember anything before age 3 imprinting is real |
| Assimilation | process of putting new info w existing schema |
| Accommodation | process of creating new schema to include new info that did not fit in the og schema |
| Piaget Viewpoint | believed that children learned specific things at certain ages that denoted their mind age |
| Object permanence; Law of conservation of quantity; egocentricism | things exist even when not seen; things are the same even when container changes; cannot see thru other pov only me!! |
| Theory of Mind | ~~egocentrism when you can understand things from other ppl's perspectives |
| diathesis | something that already exists that may lead for a person to have a psych disorder when combined w stress |
| Anxiety Disorders | phobias (social and specific), panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder |
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and its cycle? | obsessions --> anxiety --> compulsions --> temporary relief -- > obsessions... |
| Depressive Disorders | major depressive disorder (depression); persistent depressive order (depressions in years); seasonal affective disorder |
| Childhood Disorders | Autism Spectrum Disorder ADHD Antisocial Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder Nacissistic Pers.. Disorder |
| BIG FIVE PERSONALITY FACTORS hint: CANOE | conscientiousness (careless vs careful) agreeableness (sus or helpful) neuroticism (emotional stability) openness (practical vs imaginative) extraversion (reserved vs sociable) |
| Trait Theory Criticisms | overemphasizes stable personality characteristics and underemphasizes the situation |
| Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder | DSM is the bible of disorders you got this this and this? means you have this disorder |
| What is the role of culture on personality and disorders? | some cultures have different amounts of disorders compared to others |
| Research Domain Criteria Project | solving the threshold problem--- when is it you have a disorder and when are you okay |
| Psychoanalytic vs Humanistic Therapy | psycho: goal to reduce inner conflict by giving insight into feelings and thoughts (childhood memories) humanistic: active listening |
| Behavioral vs Cognitive Therapies | assumes disordered behavior is learned and seeks to change bad behaviors (exposure therapy) teaches ppl new/constructive ways to think |
| Phonemes vs Morphemes | smallest unit of sound (diff between categories of sound) vs smallest unit of meaning (dogs = 2 morphemes = dog + s) |
| 1st theory of language development: Behaviorist Perspective | we learn language thru reinforcement; completely nurture not nature |
| 2nd theory of lang. dev: Nativist Perspective | lang learning capacities built into the brain |
| 3rd lang dev theory: internationalist perspective | innate capacity for language interacts w exp |
| Cross Sectional Study vs Longitudinal Study | comparing you now to an 80 y/o vs comparing you now then comparing you again at age 80 |
| Socioeconomic Selectivity Theory | as people grow older, they perceive time to be limit and adjust their priorities to emph emotionally meaningful events over excitement (can be applied to those that are leaving or separating) |
| Stages of Language Development | babbling --> one word stage --> telegraphic speech (verb + noun) |
| Erikson | Identity (adolescents create a sense of identity thru turbulent changes) and we decide what matters as we go thru life |
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