1561804
| Question | Answer |
| What does Pressure measure? | Pressure measures how often molecules collide with one another |
| Pressure measures how often ____ collide with one another | Molecules |
| What measures how often molecules collide with one another? | Pressure |
| In how many ways can pressure be increased? | 2 |
| What can be increased in two ways? | Pressure |
| What are the 2 ways pressure can be increased? | Pressure can be increased 1) moving the molecules closer together 2) increasing the speed at which the molecules travel to make collisions more frequent |
| What is the type of relationship between pressure and volume ? | Pressure and volume have an inverse (opposite) relationship |
| Pressure and volume have an _____ relationship between them | Inverse ( opposite ) |
| As volume increases, what happens to pressure? | pressure decreases |
| As pressure decreases, volume ______ | Increases |
| If pressure increases, what happens to volume? | Volume decreases |
| If volume decreases, pressure _____ | Pressure increases |
| What did Boyle and other scientists determine about the relationship between pressure and volume? | They determined that the relationship between pressure and volume was constant at a given temperature and amount, of any gas. |
| If temperature and the number of moles of a gas stay the same, which formula can be used? | P1V! = P2V2 |
| When can the formula P1V1 = P2V2 be used? | It can be used when the temperature and amount of moles of a gas stay the same |
| What is the symbol for Pressure? | P |
| The formula P1V1 = P2V2 can be used as long as temperature and the number of moles of a gas __________ | as long as they stay the same |
| When the Celsius temperature scale was created it was based off of 2 numbers, what are those numbers? | the freezing point of water = 0 & the boiling point of water = 100 |
| What is the symbol for Volume? | V |
| What does temperature measure? | it measures how much energy a substance has |
| What measures how much energy a substance has? | Temperature |
| ________ is a measure of how much energy a substance has | Temperature |
| in order for scientists to use temperature as a part of their mathematical calculations a new _________ ____ was needed | Temperature scale |
| a new temperature scale was created so scientists could what? | So they could use temperature in their mathematical calculations. |
| Would a change in 1 degree be the same energy change in this new scale as it was the Celsius scale? | Yes |
| 0 degrees on the Kelvin scale would represent the point, at which what happens? | The point at which all atomic motion stops |
| What degree on the Kelvin cycle represents the point at which all atomic motion stops? | 0 degrees |
| How was the Kelvin scale created ? | It was created by observing the relationship of volume and temperature in gasses. |
| By observing the relationship of volume and temperature in gasses, a scale was created. what is that scale? | The kelvin scale |
| What is the Combined Gas law | It is a way to express the relationships between temperature, pressure, and volume at any fixed amount of gas |
| What is the new scale called ( the one used in calculations ) | The Kelvin Scale |
| It was found that at -273.15 degrees all gasses would theoretically have no ______ | no Volume |
| At what degree was is it found that all gasses would theoretically have no volume? | at -273.15 degrees celsius |
| What does Charles law require? | It requires that both the amount of the gas and the pressure of the gas remain constant |
| Was -273.15 degrees used as 0 degrees to create the kelvin scale? | yes |
| To convert Kelvin to Celsius, ________ | Subtract 273.15 |
| To convert from Celsius to Kelvin______ | Add 273.15 |
| At sea level what is the average atmospheric pressure ? | 101. 325 kPa also known as ! atm |
| Charles' Las only applies when what? | When temperature has been measured in degrees Kelvin |
| Mathematically Charles' Law formula is ..............? | V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 |
| Whose laws are combined to form the Combined Gas Law? | Boyle's and Charles |
| What does the combined gas law express? | It expresses the relationships between temperature, pressure and volume at any fixed amount of gas |
| Formula for Combined Gas Law is? | P1 V1 / T1 = P2 V2 / T2 |
| What are scientific laws and theories? | they are explanations of the evidence that scientists have collected |
| What are laws in science? | They are observations and often only true in certain conditions |
| Often laws are well comfiermend _________ statments | Factual |
| Formula to calculate moles ? | n = V / Vm |
| What do theories explain? | They explain the mechanisms behind laws they are true in a wide range of situations and they have been repeatedly confirmed |
| Charles Law As one increases the other ___ ________ proportionally | As one increases the other also increases proportionally |
| Neither laws nor theories are " _______ " | Scientific guesses |
| Do theories and laws change when new evidence comes to light that they cannot account for? | yes they do |
| Before laws and theories can be accepted their must be what? | Supporting evidence |
| Each state of matter has different types of ______ in its particles | Motion |
| Charles Law | The relationship between volume and temperature is a direct relationship |
| Solids have ________ motion | Vibrational |
| What type of motion does a solid have? | Vibrational Motion |
| Liquids have _____ , ________ , & __________ motion | Vibrational Rotational Translational |
| What types of motions do liquids have? | They have vibrational, rotational, and translational |
| Gases have _____ motion | translational |
| What type motion do gases have? | Translational |
| Fluids can flow, since ______ motion allows them to move past each other | translational |
| Translational? | In a straight line from one spot to another without interruption |
| What 4 things must an acceptable theory do? | 1) describe observations in terms of non-observable ideas 2) explain existing evidence 3) predict results of future experiments 4) be as simple as possible in concept and application |
| Gases can be ______ until translational motion becomes vibrational | compressed |
| How can a gas be changed into having a vibrational motion instead of a translational motion? | By compressing the gas |
| Vibrational | Stays in one spot and vibrates very very little |
| Rotational | stays in same spot, only re- ordinates itself |
| Because real gases behave slightly different from ideal gases, the numbers predicted by PV=nRT will be slightly______ | slightly off, but usually the difference is insignificant |
| what does the law of combining volumes state? | It states that when measured at the same temp & pressure, volume of gaseous reactants and products of chemical reactions are always in simple ratios of whole numbers |
| Who proposed a further explanation for volume ratios in terms of number of molecules | Amedeo Avagadro |
| What does Avogadros' theory propose? | It proposes that equal volumes of gases at the same temp and pressure contain equal number of molecules |
| All gases at a specific temp and pressure must be a certain volume- molar volume- that contains ___ _____ __ ___ | One mole of particles |
| Molar Volume? | Is the volume that one mole of gas occupies at a specified temp and pressure |
| SATP molar volume is _________ | 24.8 L/mol |
| STP molar volume is ______ | 22.4 L/mol |
| Symbol for molar volume ? | Vm |
| In real gases what happens when temperature decreases ? | Molecules slow down until intermolecular forces are able to condense them into liquids |
| When a gas is being compressed so it can change into vibrational motion, what happens ? | The gases pressure increases until collisions occur constantly |
| Does an ideal gas condense into a liquid when cooled? | No |
| In real gasses as pressure increases what happens to the molecules? | They are forced close together, making their size similar to the distancse between them |
| What type of velocity do ideal gases move at? | They move at a constant velocity in a straight line with no intermolecular forces |
| Are Ideal gasses far apart or close together ? | They are very far apart, so the size of their molecules is meaningless |
| Ideal Gas? | An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas that obeys all the gas laws perfectly under all conditions |
| In real gasses does the shape change when molecules collide? | Yes the shape changes slightly when molecules collide, slowing it down |
| what formula do we use when temperature, pressure, volume and chemical amount/matter are connected | P V = n R T |
| What is R ? | It is the universal gas constant at 8.314 |
| When particles collide in ideal gasses is energy lost? | No energy is lost when particles collide and the molecules shape doesn't change making the collision totally elastic |
| significant difference usually only occurs when? | when the gas is close to becoming a liquid |
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