Biology GCSE B3 - Exchange of materials

Question	Answer
Osmosis	The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration against a concentration gradient
Active Transport	The movement of substances against a concentration gradient across a cell membrane, using energy
Isotonic	Having the same concentration of solutes as another solution
Ventilation	The movement of air into and out of the lungs
Alveoli	Tiny air sacs in the lungs which increases the surface area for gaseous exchange
Thorax	Upper chest area
Abdomen	Lower body area
Diaphragm	A strong sheet of muscle that separates the thorax from the digestive organs and changes the volume of the chest during ventilation
Intercostal muscles	The muscles between the ribs which raises and lowers them whilst breathing
Trachea	The tube which carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs
Villi	Projections in the lining of the small intestine which increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food into the blood
Cuticle	The waxy covering of a leaf which reduces water loss from the surface
Transpiration	The loss of water vapour from the stomata of leaves when they are opened
Transpiration stream	The movement of water through a plant from the roots to the leaves as a result of the loss of water from the surface of the leaves

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	Created by lauren.elise almost 11 years ago