1880827
Description
Flashcards by Gurleen Dhillon, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Gurleen Dhillon
almost 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Genetics | How genetic information is passed on from one gen to the next |
| Somatic Cells | plant or animal cell that forms the body of the organisms |
| Interphase | cell carries out normal function, makes copies of genetic material |
| Mitosis | nucleus and genetic material divide |
| Cytokinesis | Involves the division of the cell cytoplasm and creation of a new cell |
| G1 phase | synthesizing many new molecules in preparation for the next phase |
| S phase | cellular DNA is replicated |
| G2 phase | cell synthesizes more molecules |
| Chromosome | structure in the nucleus which contains DNA |
| Sister Chromatids | Genetically identical and held together by centromere |
| Spindle Fibre | Made of microtubules |
| Centrosome | Helps form Spindle Fibres |
| Genome | Complete DNA sequence of an organism |
| Sex Chromosomes | X or Y that determines sex of an organism |
| Autosome | not involved in determining sex |
| Homologous Chromosome | contains the same sequence of genes as another chromosome |
| Gene | Section of DNA |
| Allele | Different form of the same gene |
| Karyotype | photograph of paired homologous chromosomes |
| Asexual Reproduction | Requires only one parent, produces identical offspring |
| Sexual Reproduction | Requires two parents, distinct offspring |
| Gamete | male or female reproductive cell |
| Zygote | cell formed by the fusion of two gametes |
| Fertilization | Joining of male and female haploid gametes |
| Haploid | Half the number of chromosomes |
| Diploid | Contains pairs of Homologous Chromosomes |
| Meiosis | cellular process that produces half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Synapsis | Aligning of homologous chromosome during prophase1 in meiosis 1 |
| Spermatogenesis | produce male gametes |
| Oogenesis | produce female gametes |
| Crossing Over | exchange of chromosomal segments |
| Deletion | piece of a chromosome is deleted |
| Duplication | section that appears two or more times |
| Inversion | section of a chromosome is inverted |
| Translocation | Segment of one chromosome become attached to a different chromosome |
| Non- Disjunction | failure of separation |
| Monosomy | loss of a chromosome |
| Trisomy | gain of a chromosome |
| P generation | First organisms crossed |
| F1 generation | offspring of P generation |
| F2 generation | offspring of F1 gen |
| Dominant | appears when individual has allele |
| Recessive | appears when individual has 2 allele |
| Genotype | Organisms genetic makeup |
| Phenotype | Physiological traits |
| Homozygous | same allele |
| Heterozygous | two different allele |
| Punnett Square | illustrate all possible genotypes and phenotypes of a offspring |
| Monohybrid | differs by 1 trait |
| Dihybrid | cross of two traits |
| Law of Independent Assortment | two alleles for one gene segregate or assort independently of the alleles for other genes |
| Incomplete Dominance | blending of two traits |
| Codominance | both traits are dominant |
| Heterozygous Advantage | benefit for individuals who inherit two different alleles for the same trait |
| Multiple Alleles | Genes with more then 2 alleles |
| Continuous Variation | range of variation in one trait |
| Polygenic trait | trait that is controlled by more the one gene |
| Linked Genes | genes that are on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together |
| Sex Linked Trait | trait controled by genes on X or Y |
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