19294228
Description
Flashcards by Emily Katyi, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Katyi
about 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Science | Study of the natural and technological world with the goal of describing, explaining, and predicting, substances and changes |
| Technology | The skills, processes, and equipment, required to manufacture useful products or to perform certain tasks |
| Chemistry | The physical science that deals with composition, properties, and changes in matter; the study of chemicals and their reactions, associated technologies, abs environmental effects |
| Observation | a direct form of knowledge obtained by means of the five senses-or with aid of an instrument. |
| Interpretation | An indirect form of knowledge that builds upon a concept or an experience to further describe an observation |
| Empirical Knowledge | knowledge gained through observation |
| Theoretical knowledge | Knowledge that explains and describes scientific observations in terms of non-observable |
| Empirical hypothesis | A preliminary generalization, regarding observable properties, that requires further testing |
| empirical definition | a statement that defines an object or a process in terms of observable properties |
| generalization | a statement that summarizes a limited number of empirical results |
| Scientific Law | A major empirical concept that is based on a large body of empirical knowledge. |
| Law of Conservation Of Mass | "in any physical or chemical change, the total initial mass of reactants(s) is equal to the total final mass of product(s) |
| Matter | anything that has mass and occupies space; may be a pure substance or a mixture |
| pure substance | matter whose composition is constant and uniform; composed of only one kind of chemical |
| Mixture | Matter whose composition includes two or more substances and may or may not be uniform throughout the sample (homogenous or heterogenous) |
| Heterogenous Mixture | a mixture that is non-uniform and may consist of more than one phase |
| Homogenous mixture | a mixture that is uniform and consists of only one phase ( a solution) |
| element | A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler chemical substances by any physical or chemical means; consists of only one kind of atom |
| entity | a general term that includes atoms, ions, and molecules |
| atom | the smallest entity of an element that is still characteristic of that element |
| compund | a pure substance that can be separated into its elements by heat or electricity; a substance containing atoms/ions of more than one element in a definite fixed portion |
| chemical formula | a series of symbols representing the atoms/ions, and their proportions, present in a pure substance |
| periodic Law | the observation that chemical and physical properties of elements repeat themselves at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| family/group | a set of elements with similar chemical properties; the elements in a vertical column in the main part of the periodic table; also called a group |
| period | a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table whose properties of elements repeat themselves at regular intervals when the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number |
| semi-metal | a class of elements hat are distributed along the "staircase line" in the periodic table; also called metalloids |
| Standard ambient Temperature and Pressure (SATP) | 25C and 100kPa |
| Metal | an element that is shiny, bendable, and a good conductor of electricity |
| non-metal | an element that is not shiny, not bendable, and generally not a good conductor of electricity |
| alkali metal | a soft, silver- coloured metal that reacts violently with water;group one |
| alkaline earth metal | a light, reactive metal that forms an oxide coating when exposed to air; group 2 |
| halogen | a reactive non-metal element from group 17 |
| noble gas | a very unreactive gaseous element from group 18; an element with a full shell of valence electrons |
| main group element | an element in groups 1,2 or 12-18, best follows the periodic law |
| transition element | an element in groups 3 to 11 |
| theoretical hypothesis | a theoretical concept that is untested or extremely tentative |
| theoretical definition | a general statement that characterizes the nature of a substance or a process in terms of non-observables |
| theory | a concept or set of ideas that explains a large number observations in terms of non-observables |
| mass number | the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom or monatomic ion |
| atomic number | the characteristic number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a particular element |
| ion | an entity with a net positive or negative electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| polyatomic ion | a group of atoms with a net positive or negative charge on the whole group |
| formula unit | the simplest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound |
| empirical formula | the experimentally determined simplest whole-number ratio of atoms or ions in a compound |
| hydrate | a pure substance that decomposes at a relatively low temperature to produce water and another substance; a substance containing loosely bonded water molecules |
| molecule | an entity consisting of a group of nonmetal atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| molecular formula | a group of chemical symbols indicating the type and number of non-metal atoms in a single molecule |
| diatomic molecule | a molecule containing two atoms |
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