10.3 Volcanoes

Question	Answer
What is magma?	Molten rock below Earth's surface.
What is a mantle plume?	A column of hot molten rock below Earth's surface.
What is the focus?	Site where an earthquake begins?
What are p-waves?	Longitudinal waves that pass through Earth's interior.
What are materials that are released when a volcano erupts?	-gas such as steam -volcanic ash -molten lava -volcanic rock
What temperarure can lava get up to?	temperatures above 1200*c
Where do volcanoes form?	Most volcanoes form near the edges of tectonic plates.
What are hot spots?	Isolated weak spots in the crust where a lot of hot magma is created.
What is subduction?	When one plate sinks below another plate during a collision.
What is the lithosphere?	Name for the crust and the upper mantle together; Earth's tectonic plates.
What are surface waves?	The slowest waves and cause the most destruction.
What are s-waves?	Are transervse waves that travel slightly slower than p-waves through earth.Transverse waves move the ground up and down.
How are earthquakes measured?	Through an instrument called a seismometer.
Where do earthquakes occur?	Locations of earthquakes allign with the boundaries of tectonic plates.
What is the most commonly used way to measure the strength of an earthquake?	Through the MMS scale (moment magnitude scale).

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	Created by Rubah Albadri about 6 years ago