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| Question | Answer |
| Isotopes | Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass number | The number of particles (protons and neutrons) in the nucleus |
| Ion | A (positively or negatively) charged atom or group of atoms |
| Relative Isotopic Mass | The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon 12 |
| Relative molecular mass (Mr) | The weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon 12 |
| Relative formula mass | The weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 |
| Amount of substance | The quantity whose unit is the mole |
| The Avogadro constant | The number of atoms per mole of the carbon-12 isotope (6.02x10^23) |
| Mole | The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon 12 isotope |
| Molar mass | The mass per mole of a substance. The units of molar mass are g/mol |
| Empirical formular | The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
| Molecule | A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds |
| Molecular formula | The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| Molar volume | The volume per mole of a gas (approx. 24 dm^3/mol at room temp. and pressure) |
| Concentration of solution | The amount of solute in mol, dissolved per dm^3 of solution |
| A standard solution | A solution of known concentration |
| Species | Any type of particle that takes part in a chemical reaction |
| Stoichiometry | The molar relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction |
| Acid | A species that is a proton donor |
| Base | A species that is a proton acceptor |
| Alkali | A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions |
| A salt | Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion |
| Cation | Positively charged ion |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Hydrated | A crystalline compound containing water molecules |
| Anhydrous | A substance that contains no water molecules |
| Water of crystallisation | Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound |
| Oxidation number | Measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons |
| Redox reaction | A reaction where both reduction and oxidation take place |
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