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| Question | Answer |
| Definition of adaption | the way in which an organism evolved to become better able to survive in its enviroment |
| Definition of addiction | when a person becomes dependant on a drug |
| Definition of amino acids | Small molecules from which proteins are built |
| Definition of Antibiotic | Therapeutic drug acting to kill bacteria which is taken into the body |
| Definition of Antibiotic resistance | Ability of bacteria to survive in the presence of an antibiotic |
| Definition of antibody | Protein normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which is neutralises, thus producing an immune response |
| Definition of antiseptic | Substance that kills pathogens |
| Definition of antitoxin | Substance produced by white blood cells that neutralises the effects of toxins |
| Definition of antiviral | Therapeutic drug acting to kill viruses |
| Definition of adrenaline | hormone that helps to prepare your body for action |
| Definition of auxin | A plant hormone that affects the rate of growth |
| Definition of axon | Long thread of cytoplasm in a neurone, carrying an impulse away from the cell body |
| Definition of biomass | the mass of living material including waste wood and other natural materials |
| Definition of blood plasma | the liquid part of blood |
| Definition of carbon cycle | The way in which carbon atoms pass between living organisms and their enviroments |
| Definition of cell body | the part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus |
| Definition of CNS | collectively the brain and spinal cord |
| Definition of cholesterol | chemical needed for the formation of cell membranes. HDL (good) LDL (bad) |
| Definition of chromosomes | Thread-like structure in the cell nucleus that carries genetic information |
| Definition of culture | A population of microorganisms, grown on a nutrient medium |
| Definition of cuttings | small pieces of a plant that can grow into complete new plants |
| Definition of decay | the breakdown of organic material by microorangisms |
| Definition of dendrite | A short thread of cytoplasm on a neurone, carrying an impulse towards a cell body |
| Definition of Dendron | A long thread of cytoplasm on a neurone, carrying an impulse towards the cell body |
| Definition of diabetes | Disease in which the body cannot control its blood sugar level |
| Definition of DNA | Polymer molecule found in the nucleus of all the body cells - its sequence determine genetic characteristics such as eye colour. |
| Definition of drug | A chemical that changes the chemical process in the body |
| Definition of drug dependency | Feeling that you cannot manage without the drug |
| Definition of effector | part of the body that's responds to the stimulus |
| Definition of embryo | a very young organism, which began as a zygote and will become a fetus |
| Definition of enzyme | Biological catalyst that increases the speed of a chemical reaction |
| Definition of epidemic | many people having the same infectious disease |
| Definition of extremophile | an organism that can live in conditions where a particular factor such as temperature or pH, is outside the range that most other organisms can tolerate. |
| Definition of fertility drug | hormone given to women to cause the ovaries to produce eggs |
| Definition of food chain | flow diagram how energy is passed from one organism to the other |
| Definition of FSH | hormone produced by the pituitary gland that causes eggs to mature in the ovaries |
| Definition of gamete | sex cell - a cell containing the haloid (half the amount of chromosomes) such as an egg or sperm |
| Definition of gene | section of DNA that codes for particular characteristics |
| Definition of genetic engineering | changing the genes in an organisms for example by inserting genes from another organisms |
| Definition of genetically modified | organisms that has genes from a different organism inserted into it |
| Definition of gland | organ that secretes a useful substance |
| Definition of gravitropism | a growth response to gravity |
| Definition of HDL | a type of cholesterol that does not appear to cause heart disease and may help to protect against it |
| Definition of heart disease | blockage of blood vessels that bring blood to the heart |
| Definition of hormones | A chemical messenger transported by the blood |
| Definition of immune system | a body system that acts as a defence against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria |
| Definition of immunity | you have immunity if your immune system recognises a pathogen and fights it |
| Definition of inoculating loop | metal loop that's is used to transfer mircoorganisms |
| Definition of insulin | hormone made by the pancreas that reduces the level of glucose in the blood |
| Definition of IVF | in vitro fertilisation - the fertilisation of an egg by a sperm in a glass container |
| Definition of LDL | a type of cholesterol that increases the risk of heart disease |
| Definition of LH | hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which causes an egg to be released from an ovary |
| Definition of lichen | small organism that consists of both a fungus and an alga |
| Definition of lymphocyte | type of white blood cell |
| Definition of malnourished | not having a balanced diet |
| Definition of menstrual cycle | monthly hormonal cycle that starts at puberty in human females |
| Definition of menstruation | monthly breakdown of the lining of the uterus leading to the bleeding from the vagina |
| Definition of metabolic rate | rate at which chemical reactions take place in the body |
| Definition of MMR | Mumps, measles and rubella |
| Definition of MRSA | A form of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics |
| Definition of mutation | a change in the DNA in a cell |
| Definition of natural selection | process by which good characteristics that can be passed on in genes become more common in a population over many generations . |
| Definition of nerve | group of nerve fibres |
| Definition of neurone | nerve cell |
| Definition of oestrogen | female hormone secreted by the ovary |
| Definition of oral contraceptive | pills that prevent a women releasing eggs |
| Definition of ovulation | release of an egg from the ovary |
| Definition of phagocytes | white blood cells that surround pathogens and digest them with enzymes |
| Definition of photosynthesis | process carried out by green plants where sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose and oxygen |
| Definition of phototropism | a growth response to light |
| Definition of plaque | build-up of cholesterol in a blood vessel |
| Definition of producer | organism that makes its own food |
| Definition of progestrogen | hormone produced by the ovary that prepares the uterus for pregnancy |
| Definition of protein | molecule made up of amino acids |
| Pyramid of biomass | a diagram in which boxes, drawn to scale represent the biomass at each step in a food chain |
| Definition of sensory neurone | nerve cell carrying information from receptors to the CNS |
| Definition of statin | drug that reduces cholesterol level in the blood |
| Definition of sterile | containing no microorganisms |
| Definition of synapse | gap between two neurones |
| Definition of thalidomide | a drug that was originally prescribed as to pregnant women but was found to cause deformities in the fetes. |
| Definition of tropism | response of a plant to a stimulus, by growing towards or away from it |
| Definition of vaccine | killed microorganisms, or living but weakened microorganisms that are given to produce immunity to a particular disease |
| Definition of variation | differences between individuals belonging to the same species |
| Definition of zygote | a diploid cell formed by the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes |
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