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| Question | Answer |
| Define health | A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing |
| How does smoking affect health? | Sends toxins into the body which damages hemoglobin and reduces stamina |
| What is a drug? | A substance that alters the chemical balance of your body |
| What are the ways you can improve your health? | P - Personal hygiene (reduces infection) L - Lifestyle (active) E - Emotional health (stable home life) A - Alcohol and drug avoidance S - Safety (avoid injury) E - Environment (pollution caused asthma) D - Diet (low fat & high nutrition) PLEASED |
| Define Fitness | The ability to meet the demands of the environment. |
| Define exercise | Activity that involves physical and/or mental exertion |
| What does it mean to be sedentary? | Being physically inactive |
| What are some practical ways to have an active lifestyle | Walk or cycle instead of drive Use stairs, not lifts Get a practical job involving activity Make time for exercise daily |
| What are the benefits of an active lifestyle? | Improved strength, stamina and suppleness Improved sleep patterns Toned body with no excess fat Relief of stress and tension |
| How often should you exercise? | 30 minutes vigorous exercise, 3 times a week |
| What are the functions of the skeletal system? | Movement (at joints) Shape (for our somatotype) Support (for muscles and organs) Protection (of vital organs) Blood cell production (in bone marrow) |
| What is a joint? | A point of movement between two or more bones. |
| What are the three joint classifications? | Freely moveable Slightly moveable Fixed |
| What are the five types of movements at joints? | Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation |
| What is flexion? | Decreasing the angle at a joint. Eg. bicep curling |
| What is extension? | Increasing the angle at a joint. Eg. throwing a javelin |
| What is abduction? | Sideways movement away from the centreline of the body |
| What is adduction? | Sideways movement towards the centreline of the body |
| What is rotation? | Curved movement around an axis eg. bowling a ball in cricket |
| What are the four types of bone? With examples | Long eg. femur, humerus Short eg. phalanges, metacarpals Flat eg. pelvis, ribs Irregular eg. vertebrae, patella |
| What are the six categories of joints? | Hinge Ball and socket Pivot Saddle Gliding Condyloid |
| Give an example of a hinge joint | the elbow or the knee |
| Give an example of a ball and socket joint | The hip or the shoulder |
| Give an example of a pivot joint | the top of the neck |
| Give an example of a saddle joint | At the thumb |
| Give an example of a gliding joint | Inter-carpal joints (in the hand) |
| Give an example of a condyloid joint | At the wrist |
| What are the different connective tissues? | Tendons Ligaments Cartilage |
| What are tendons | Non elastic tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| What are ligaments | Fibers that connect bones at a join to keep it stable |
| What is cartilage? | Flexible tissue between bones that prevents them rubbing |
| How does exercise affect the skeleton | Strengthens bones and joint connections |
| What are the three types of muscle? With examples | Skeletal - Voluntary, conscious control. eg. bicep and triceps Involuntary - unconscious contraction. eg. intestine walls and arteries Cardiac - automatic and never tires. eg. the heart |
| What are the two types of muscle attachments and where do they attach to? | Origin - Where the muscle tendon attaches to the stationary bone Insertion - where the muscle tendon attaches to the moving bone |
| Define antagonistic muscles | Opposite muscles working in pairs to cause movement |
| How does the process of antagonistic muscles to allow movement work? | The prime mover muscle contracts to cause movement The antagonist muscle opposite to the prime mover relaxes to allow movement |
| What is muscle tone? | Slight tension in muscle pairs to stabilize the movement |
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