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| Question | Answer |
| What is stress? (as defined by Dr.Hoey) | Response to a stressor |
| What is a stressor? | Anything that disrupts physiological homeostasis and causes a stress response. |
| Are all stressors bad? | No. |
| Which 2 endocrine systems constitute the major components of the stress response? | Epinephrine (from adrenal medulla) & glucocorticoids (from adrenal cortex) |
| What is a stress response? | Physiological and behavioral changes that help reestablish homeostasis |
| Name the 3 phases in the general adaptation syndrome. | Alarm, resistance & exhaustion |
| When is a stress response adaptive; long term or in short term stress? | Short term stress |
| Recall the HPA axis diagram. | |
| The HPA axis is activated so that ________, __________, and __________ are released in response to stressors. | CRH, ACTH, and glucocorticoids |
| List the 3 reasons why glucocorticoids are good candidates for mediating behavioral effects of stress. | 1) these steroid hormones are released in response to numerous stressors 2) steroid hormones can easily diffuse past the blood-brain barrier 3) glucocorticoid receptors are present in several brain regions |
| At which stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) is the stressor detected? | Alarm stage |
| The resistance stage is where one c_____ with the stressor. | Copes |
| The exhaustion stage is characterized by the t__________ of the stress response and the o_________ of stress pathology. | termination; onset |
| The immune system is s____________d by a stress response in _______ term stress. | strengthened; short |
| Fast epinephrine and norepinephrine release ---> e______ & a______ | energy; alertness |
| Slower but longer lasting Cortisol release ----> e________ mobilization | energy |
| B. endorphins & Cannabinoid release --> p_______ & r_________ suppressin | pain & reproduction |
| Urocorticon release --> e________ CRH response | enhances |
| Vasopressin release --> i________ blood pressure --> e_______ gets to muscle f________. | increase; energy; faster |
| Prolactin release --> s________ g________ functions | suppresses gonadal functions |
| Glucagon release --> E__________ | Energy |
| The MOST consistent effect of stress response hormones (as discussed in class). | ENERGY! |
| In long-term stress, the immune system is i____________. | inhibited |
| Textbook page 593, Table 11.1 :) | |
| Wound healing time in caretakers of people with Alzheimer's increased by _______%? | 24% |
| Increased dendrites in the amygdala results in f_____, a_______, and e______ response. | fear, anxiety, and emotional response |
| stress response -> i_________ in blood pressure -> causes p_______ + risk of i_________? | increase; plaques; infarction |
| High ranking ______ (M/F) in _______ (stable/unstable) group had increased clogged arteries because they have to keep establishing _______? | M; unstable; hierarchy |
| Long term exposure to glucocorticoids results in reduced n_______ (involved in better learning and memory) in h___________(which brain area)? | neurogenesis; hippocampus |
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