257397
Description
Flashcards by Megan Wilson, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Megan Wilson
about 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the main theories of developmental psychology? | Psychodynamic, behavioural, stage, socio-cultural, learning |
| Name the main Psychodynamic theorists | Freud and Erikson |
| Main themes of Freud | Psychosexual conflicts personality structure: Id, ego, superego stages of psychosexual dev: oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital |
| Give details of the 3-part structure of personality | Id: unconscious, impulsive, irrational Ego: conscious, rational, reality principle Superego: conscience, over moralistic |
| What is involved with Erikson's Psychosexual Theory of Development? | Development influenced by 3 forces: 1. biological & physical 2. unique life circumstances/history/experiences 3. Social, cultural and historical 8 Stages: Trust vs mistrust Autonomy vs shame & doubt Initiative vs guilt Industry vs inferiority Identity vs role confusion Intimacy vs isolation Generativity vs stagnation Integrity vs despair |
| Name the other Psychodynamic theorists and what is their main theme | Mahler, Pine, Bergmann, and Stern. Main theme is object relations |
| What are Mahler's phases of development? | Autistic, Symbiotic, Separation-individuation, Object Constancy |
| Who are the main behavioural theorists | Pavlov and Skinner |
| What are Pavlov and Skinner's main contributions? | Pavlov: Classical conditioning (conditioning of a neutral stimulus to produce a response) Skinner: Operant conditioning (reinforcement) |
| Name a learning theorist and explain his main themes | Bandura - observational learning, imitation, modelling |
| What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? | Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
| What is the main idea behind the Neo-piagetian theorists | Development results from an increase in a child's mental space, key principles involve Gagne's Information Processing Model, and idea of meta-cognition |
| What is meta-cognition? | Awareness and understanding of how thinking and learning work, and an awareness of one's own learning |
| Name and give details of the different contextual development theories | Bronfenbrenner - ecological systems theory (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem) Vygotsky - socio cultural theory, (ZPD), scaffolding |
| What is the normative-crisis model of development? | occurs in stages, follows a sequence, influenced by biology and driven by maturation (adolescent becoming an adult, moving out of home, getting married, having children etc) |
| What is the timing-of-events model? | emphasises individuals own influence on development through their own decisions, and also other major events eg; marrying late, mature-age student, widowed young |
| What are Vaillant's phases of adult development? | Age of establishment (20-30), Career consolidation (20-40), Midlife transition (40-50), Midlife (50+) |
| What are Levinson's seasons (eras) of adult lives? | Early adulthood, middle adulthodd, late adulthood, |
| What are Balte's main themes? | Biological and environmental interactions, normative age-graded, normative history-graded, non-normative life events |
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