25979735
Description
Flashcards by Alicia Stringam, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alicia Stringam
about 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Chemistry | the study of matter, its properties, and the changes that matter undergoes. |
| Matter | anything that has mass and occupies space |
| property | any characteristic that allows us to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types |
| elements | a substance that cannot be decomposed into similar substances |
| atoms | The smallest representative particle of an element. Almost infinitesimally small building blocks of matter |
| molecules | two or more atoms are joined in specific shapes |
| pure substance | matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample |
| Elements | substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances |
| Compounds | substances composed of two or more elements; they contain two or more kinds of atoms |
| Mixtures | combinations of two or more substances |
| law of constant composition | A law that states that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same French chemist Joseph Louis Proust (1754–1826) first stated the law in about 1800 |
| law of definite proportions | A law that states that the elemental composition of a compound is always the same French chemist Joseph Louis Proust (1754–1826) first stated the law in about 1800 |
| Physical properties | Properties that can be measured without changing the identity and composition of the substance. |
| Chemical properties | describe the way a substance may change, or react, to form other substances |
| Intensive properties | A property that does not depend on the amount of sample being examined ie. density. |
| Extensive properties | depend on the amount of sample, with two examples being mass and volume. |
| physical change | a substance changes its physical appearance but not its composition. (That is, it is the same substance before and after the change.) |
| changes of state | Physical changes of matter form one state to a different one, for example, from a gas to a liquid. |
| distillation | process that depends on the different abilities of substances to form gases |
| Work | he energy transferred when a force exerted on an object causes a displacement of that object. |
| heat | the energy used to cause the temperature of an object to increase |
| w=F×d | We define work, w, as the product of the force exerted on the object, F, and the distance, d, that it moves: |
| force | any push or pull exerted on the object |
| kinetic energy | the energy of motion |
| potential energy | the “stored” energy that arises from the attractions and repulsions an object experiences in relation to other objects. |
| electrostatic potential energy | which arises from the interactions between charged particles |
| hypothesis | explain the observations |
| derived unit | obtained by multiplication or division of one or more of the base units |
| Precision | a measure of how closely individual measurements agree with one another |
| Accuracy | how closely individual measurements agree with the correct, or “true,” value |
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