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Description
Flashcards by cerysroche, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by cerysroche
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Newton's Second Law of Motion | The rate of change of a body's momentum is proportional to the resultant force acting on it, and the direction of change is that of the resultant force |
| The principle of conservation of Momentum | The vector sum of the momenta of the bodies in a system is constant, provided there is no resultant force from outside the system |
| In an Elastic collision... | no kinetic energy is lost or gained. |
| Centripetal Acceleration | A body is moving at constant speed around a circular path is accelerating, because its velocity is always changing (in direction) Centripetal- always directed towards the circle centre |
| Spring Constant | The force exerted by the spring, per unit extension |
| Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) | A body performs SHM if its acceleration is proportional to its displacement from a fixed point, but is in the opposite direction to its displacement. |
| Natural Oscillations occur... | when a body on a spring, a pendulum, or any other system with a mass and a force pulling it towards an equilibrium point, is displaced from equilibrium and released. |
| Damped | Amplitude decreases with time due to resistive forces Periodic time is constant, amplitude falls exponentially |
| Critical Damping | Doesn't oscillate if displaced, returns to equilibrium. |
| Moles | A batch of 6.02x10^23 molecules The number of molecules per mole is called Avogadro's constant |
| Boyle's Law | For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure exerted is inversely proportional to the volume occupied. pV=constant |
| 0 Kelvin | Absolute zero, -273.2'C |
| Ideal Gas equation | pV=nRT (using temperature in Kelvin) |
| Kinetic Theory of Gases | 1. collisions between molecules are elastic 2. molecules occupy negligible fraction of container volume 3. compared to forces exerted on container walls, molecules exert negligible force on each other. |
| Thermodynamics | The internal energy of a system, and transfers of energy as work and heat into and out of the system |
| Rapid Expansion of an Ideal Gas | Rapid change doesn't allow time for much heat flow. Q=0, therefore dU=-W |
| Slow Expansion of an Ideal Gas (Isothermal) | Gas temperature will not be able to fall, thus the expansion is isothermal (constant temperature), dU = 0 therefore 0=Q + W Q = W |
| Specific Heat Capacity | The heat input required to raise the temperature of mass, m, of a solid or liquid by dT. Q = mcdT c = SHC (J kg^-1 K^-1) |
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