358463
Description
Flashcards by woods madeleine, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by woods madeleine
almost 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| activation energy | energy needed to change potential energy into kinetic |
| amino acid | nitrogenous building blocks of protein molecules |
| what kind of compound is a carbohydrate? | organic |
| what 3 elements do carbohydrates contain? | oxygen, hydrogen and carbon |
| starch is.....? | carbohydrate |
| what is the monomer of carbohydrates? | glucose |
| chemical energy | form of potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
| dehydration synthesis | formation of complex organic compounds in which water is given off |
| dissacharide | sugar made of 2 simple sugar molecules |
| enzyme- lipid, protein, carb? | protein |
| lipids made of what? | 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol |
| enzyme=catasyt=? | speeds up processes |
| enzyme characteristics | 1)speeds up reactions 2)1 specific reaction 3)never used up in reaction 4)protein, amino acids 5)lowers activation energy required for chmical reaction |
| enzyme suffix | ase |
| potenial energy | stored |
| kinetic energy | motion |
| conservation energy | in chemical reactions, neither created nor destroyed (transformed) |
| enzyme changes and conforms to the...? | substance |
| condensation reaction | small molecules join to create large molecules |
| nucleic acids found where? | in the nucleus |
| ionic bond | attraction of ions balanced in order to be neutral |
| covalent bond | combine by sharing electrons |
| DNA? | genetic code |
| RNA? | copies DNA instructions to produce protiens |
| Nucleic Acid role | organism's code |
| atoms | building blocks of nature |
| element | made of one type of atom |
| atomic number | number of protons |
| compound | combo of 2+ atoms of different elements joined by chemical bond |
| molecule | 2 atoms joined by covalent bond |
| physical properties | characteristics of matter |
| chemical properties | how matter behaves with other elements/compounds |
| chemical change | new substance with new properties formed |
| law of conservation of mass | mass is neither created nor destroyed (chemical equations must be balanced= numbers of atoms on both sides af the arrows must be equal |
| solutions | mixture that are the same throughout but have variable composition |
| bases | pH above 7 |
| acids | pH below 7 |
| organic chemestry | contains carbon |
| inorganic chemestry | no carbon, except CO2, not produced by living things |
| structural formula | states kinds, # of atoms, arrangement |
| isomers | same chemical formula but different structural formula + properties |
| carbohydrates elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (2 H:1 O) |
| carbohydrate role | quick energy cell structers |
| Monosaccharide | - 1 sugar - glucose, fructose - Benedicts=orange/red |
| Disaccharide | - 2 sugars - sucrose, lactose, maltose - Benedicts= no change, light blue |
| Polysaccharide | - many sugars - starch, glycogen, cellulose - Iodine test= inky blue |
| Lipid Elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (more H than O) |
| Lipid Types | fats= animal (solid) oils= plant (liquid) waxes= plant/animal |
| Lipid Role | stored energy, cell membrane |
| Lipid Groups | carboxyl(-COOH) R(long chains of C-H) |
| Fatty Acid Types | Unsaturated Saturated |
| Saturated | single covalent bonds- bad |
| Unsaturated | double covalent bonds- healthy |
| Protein Elements | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur |
| Protein Roles (4) | 1)build living material (muscle) 2)enzymes 4 chemical reactions 3)fight diseases 4)transport particle in/out of cells |
| Protein Structure | Amino Acids (3 groups) Shape |
| Protein Groups | carboxyl, amino acid, r |
| denatured | protein changed shape andbecomes inactive (pH, temp.) (enzynme) |
| polypeptide | large molecule made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
| peptide bond | carbon-nitrogen bond linking amino acids to form polypeptides |
| substrate | substances enzymes cause to react |
| active site | enzyme's surface does not exactly fit substrate shape so enzyme is like flexible key (slight change to fit substrate) |
| hydrolysis | large molecules converted to smaller ones by reverse condensation, addition of water |
| peptide | amino acids bonded together |
| dipeptide | 2 amino acids link |
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