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| Question | Answer |
| When and where was the conquest of the Iberian Peninsule? | Started in 711 at the Battle of Guadalete |
| Why the conquest was fast? (Reasons) | -Internal divisions among the Visigoths -Muslims respected the property of Christians and the cities that surrounded -Some Visigoths converted to Islam to mantain privileges |
| Define Battle of Guadalete | Was the battle when Muslim reached the Iberian Peninsule in 711 |
| Define al-Andalus | Was the territory of the Iberian Peninsule under the control of muslims between 711 and 1492 |
| Define Mozarabs | Was the christians that lived in the Al-andalus territory in the suburbs. |
| Define Muladis | Were the christians that change to the Islam in the arab domination because they were recognised as owners and paid less tax. |
| Define Berbers | Muslims from North Africa called Moors. |
| Dependent Emirate of Umayad Dynasty: When it started and finished? What happend in 711, 722 and 750? | 711-756 711: Battle of Guadalete and end of Visigoth Kingdom. 722: Battle of Covadonga, when Don Pelayo defeated the Muslims and allowed the creation of the Asturian kingdom. 750: End of Umayad dynasty |
| Independent Emirate: When it started and finished? What happend in 756? | 756-929 (Al-andalus was reorganized as a state.) 756: Abderraman I was proclamed independent Emir and broke the political unity. |
| Caliphate of Cordoba: When it started and finished? What happend in 929? | 929-1031(Raids) 929: Abderraman III was proclamed Caliph of Cordoba (Prince of believers) |
| Caliphate of Cordoba: What happend with Al-andalus and Cordoba? | -Was the period of greatest splendour of Al-andalus with cutural, economic and military importance. -Cordoba became the most important city. |
| Caliphate of Cordoba: Who was Almanzor? What did he do? What happend after his death? | Was a military caudillo that became popular thank to the victories of military campaigns against Christians (raids). After his death in 1002, the caliphate desintegrated in Taifa Kingdoms in 1031. |
| Caliphate of Cordoba: What christian city did Almanzor plundered (saqueó)? | Santiago de Compostela |
| The Taifa Kingdoms: When it started and finished? What happend in 1031? | 1031-1085 (Parias) 1031: Disolution of the Caliphate of Cordoba. |
| The Taifa Kingdoms: How was this period? What was the parias? What happend with the Christian Kingdoms? | It was a period of economic and cultural splendour, but it had military weakness.. They paid parias to avoid fightning against Christian Kingdoms, who took adevantage of the military weakness of Muslims and in 1085 conquered de Taifa of Toledo. |
| North African Invasions: When it started and finished? What happend in 1085, 1086 and 1195? | 1085-1212 Almoravids and Almohads 1085: Battle of Toledo, when Alfonso VI of Castile conquered the Taifa of Toledo. 1086: Battle of Sagrajas (Almoravids vs Castile) Muslim won. 1195: Battle of Alarcos (Almohads vs Castile) Muslim won. |
| North African Invasions: Who were the Almoravids? | Muslim people who formed an empire in north Africa and came to help the Muslims to reunified Al-andalus and defeated the Christians in Battle of Sagrajas in 1086. |
| North African Invasions: Who were the Almohads? | Replaced the Almoravids. They were a religious movement that wanted to return the principal principies of Islam. They formed a calipahte with its capital in Seville. They stopped the Christian advance in Battle of Alarcos in 1195. |
| North African Invasions: What did the Chritians Kings to respond the Almohads? | They joined forces and defeated the Almohads in Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212. |
| The Kingdom of Granada: When it started and finished? What happend in 1212? | 1212-1492 1212: Battle of Navas de Tolosa (Almohads vs Christians) Christians won |
| The Kingdom of Granada: What did the Christians do with the muslim territory? When and by who was conquered? | They reduced de muslim territory to the Kingdom of Granada governed by the Nazari Kingdom. It was conquered by the Catholics Kings in 1492. |
| Society in Al-andalus: Muslims | 1º Arabs, Syrians, politicians and upper nobility. 2º Berbers, petty nobility and livestock producers. 3º Mulaids |
| Society in Al-andalus: Other Religions | Jews and Mozarabs. |
| Define Caliph | Is the leader of the Islamic community and has religious and political power |
| Define Emir | Is the governor of a province and has political power |
| Define Mudejars | Were the Muslim that stayed in the Iberian Peninsule with the Christian Kingdom |
| What is a synagogue? | A Jewish temple |
| The Christian Kingdoms: What area did not dominate the Muslims? What this allowed? | The mountainous land in the north of the Iberian Peninsule, this allowed the organisation of centres of resistance (medieval Christian Kingdoms). |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Asturian Kingdom- How was created? | Don Pelayo's victory at Battle of Covadonga in 722 led to the creation of the Asturian Kingdom. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Kingdom of Leon- How was created? In what counties was divided? | King Alfonso III made Leon the capital in 854, and in 910, the Asturian Kingdom became the Kingdom of León. It divided in county of Portugal and county of Castile. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: County of Portugal- How it became the Kingdom of Portugal? What did they conquered? | Alfonso I of Portugal was proclaimed king in 1139. They conquered Lisbon in 1147 |
| The Christian Kingdoms: County of Castile- How it became the Kingdom of Castile? | Fernando I was proclaimed King of Castile in 1065. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: How was created the Crown of Castile? | In 1230, Fernando III (King of Castile) inherited (heredó) the Kingdom of Leon and both kingdom formed the Crown of Castile. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Hispanic March- Who created it and when was created? In what counties was divided? | Charlemagne crated the Hispanic March in 778. It was divided in catalan counties, Jaca, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza counties and county of Pamplona. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Counties of Jaca, Sobrarbe and Ribagorza- What kingdom did the form? What was its capital? | They formed the Kingdom of Aragon in 1035. Alfonso I conquered Zaragoza in 1118 and became the capital of the kingdom. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Kingdom of Aragon- Who married to form the Crown of Castile? | Queen Petronila of Aragon and the Count of Barcelona, Ramón Berenguer IV. |
| The Christian Kingdoms: Count of Pamplona- When was created the Kingdom of Pamplona? When it started to be called the Kingodm of Navarra? | The Kingodm of Pamplona was created in 824 and it started to be called the Kingdom of Navarra in 1162. |
| The Christian expansion: Define Reconquest | Christian Advance to the south to reconquest the Iberian Peninsule. |
| The Christian expansion: How was it? | It took several centuries and was not a continuous process. |
| The Christian expansion: What happend in 11th century? | the Kingdom of Castile conquered Toledo in 1085. |
| The Christian expansion: What happend in 12th century? | The Kingdom of Aragon conquered Zaragoza in 1118. The Kingdom of Portugal conquered Lisbon in 1147. |
| The Christian expansion: What happend in 13th century? | The Christian kings of Castile, Aragon, and Navarra joined in a Crusade, defeating the Almohads at the Battle of Navas de Tolosa in 1212, marking a turning point in the Reconquest. |
| The Christian expansion: Crown of Castile- What Crown of Castile, Fernando III and Alfonso X conquered? | Crown of Castile conquered the Guadalquivir Valley. Fernando III occupied Cordoba, Jaen and Seville. Alfonso X conquered Cadiz and Murcia. |
| The Christian expansion: Crown of Aragon- What Jaime I conquered? | Jaime I conquered the kingdom of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. |
| The Christian expansion: Kingdom of Portugal- What happedn with the reconquest? | It completed the reconquest with Alfonso III, with the occupation of the Algarve. |
| The Christian expansion: What happend in 15th century? | In 1492, the Catholic Kings conquered Granada, after defeating Boabdil, the last Nazari king. |
| Repopulation :What was repopulation? | Was the occupation of Christian settlers in the lands they conquered to the Muslims. |
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