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| Question | Answer |
| What is the function of the digestive system? | The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy. |
| Name the major organs involved in digestion and describe their functions | Mouth (chewing and mixing with saliva), Esophagus (transports food), Stomach (mixes food with acid and enzymes), Small intestine (absorbs nutrients), Large intestine (absorbs water), Rectum (stores feces), Anus (eliminates waste). |
| What happens to large food molecules during digestion? | Large molecules are broken into smaller molecules by enzymes so they can be absorbed into the blood. |
| Define peristalsis and explain its role in digestion. | Peristalsis is the wave-like muscle contraction that moves food through the digestive system. |
| Describe the role of the small intestine in absorbing nutrients. | The small intestine absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream for use in the body. |
| What is the function of villi in the small intestine? | Villi increase the surface area for absorption and contain capillaries for nutrient transport. |
| How does fiber in the diet help the digestive system? | Fiber helps move food through the gut and prevents constipation. |
| What is the function of the rectum and anus in digestion? | The rectum stores feces, and the anus controls its release from the body. |
| Explain how food moves from the mouth to the stomach. | Food is chewed in the mouth, moves down the esophagus through peristalsis, and reaches the stomach. |
| What is the role of enzymes in digestion? | Enzymes break down large food molecules into smaller ones for absorption. |
| Explain the function of the following enzymes: Carbohydrase Protease Lipase | Carbohydrase breaks down carbohydrates into sugar molecules; Protease breaks down proteins into amino acids; Lipase breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol. |
| What is the function of bile in digestion? | Bile breaks down fats into smaller droplets to help lipase digest them more easily. |
| Why are enzymes described as biological catalysts? | Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in digestion without being used up. |
| How does temperature affect enzyme activity? | Enzymes work best at an optimal temperature. Too high temperatures can denature them, stopping their function. |
| How does pH influence enzyme activity? | Enzymes have an optimal pH. If the pH is too high or too low, the enzyme can become denatured and lose its function. |
| How do bacteria in the large intestine help with digestion? | . Bacteria help digest fiber, produce vitamins, and support gut health. |
| Why is probiotic food, such as yogurt, beneficial for digestion? | Probiotic foods contain good bacteria that support digestion and gut health. |
| Explain the difference between good and harmful bacteria in digestion. | Good bacteria aid digestion and vitamin production, while harmful bacteria can cause infections. |
| Describe the role of bacteria in producing vitamins in the digestive system. | Bacteria in the gut produce vitamins like vitamin K, which is important for health. |
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