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Description
Flashcards by Beth Ritchie, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Beth Ritchie
almost 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Independent Variable | The variable that is manipulated |
| Dependent Variable | The variable that is measured |
| Operationalisation | Defining precisely how you intend to measure the DV and alter the conditions of the IV |
| Participant design | How the participants are distributed between the experimental conditions |
| 3 types of participant design | Independent measure, repeated measures, matched pairs |
| Independent measures design | Only one of the experimental conditions is tested on a group of participants |
| Repeated measures design | Same participants are used in all experimental conditions |
| Matched pairs design | All participants are matched on a quality or characteristic important to the study |
| Order effects | Occur when participants take part in all of the experimental conditions, as a repeated measures design is used. The 2 effects are fatigue and practice. |
| 2 things that can control order effects | Counterbalencing and randomising experimental conditions |
| Counterbalencing | Participants need to be divided equally between the conditions and to experience them in a different order from other groups |
| Randomisation | Similar principle to counterbalancing, but rather than being systematic its random |
| Extraneous variables | Any variable except the IV which can influence findings |
| Confounding variable | A factor that hasnt been controlled and has therefore had an effect on findings |
| Situational variables | Extraneous variables that are found in the environment/situation that the study was conducted in |
| Participant variables | Participants may affect the results of the study |
| Ecological validity | How well a study represents a natural situation |
| Experimenter effects | Subtle cues, expectations, gender and personality type of the researcher that may affect how a participant responds |
| Objectivity | Being detached/neutral in terms of judgement, without the influence of personal interpretation or emotion |
| Reliability | Achieved when the study is repeated and the same results are found |
| Validity | How well something measures what it is supposed to measure |
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