4399735
Description
Flashcards by Rebecca Giddings, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rebecca Giddings
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ancestor/Ancestor Cult Definition | - Belief dead ancestors watch over us & take active roles in events - Can intervene in daily life & be unpredictable - May need appeasing or be asked for help |
| Ancestor/Ancestor Cult Example | West Kennet (long barrow) Handling of bones - regular due to ware; normally rough whereas these were smooth. Separated into piles. |
| Animism Definition | - Belief in spirits - Animals/plants/objects/special places believed to have spirits - Spirits take an active part in life - May need appeasing or to be asked for help |
| Animism Example | N/A |
| Art and Iconography Definition | N/A |
| Art and Iconography Example | N/A |
| Cremation Definition | - Act of burning human remains (after death) - Type of funerary/mortuary ritual - Purify the dead & release the soul |
| Cremation Example | N/A |
| Excarnation Definition | - Deliberate defleshing of the bones - Occurs naturally (exposure to elements/'special animals') or by hand - Can form part of ritual practice |
| Excarnation Example | Holme-next-to-the-sea Upturned tree stump in centre of 60 timbers believed to be an excarnation table |
| Focus of attention Definition | - Criteria of Refrew & Bahn - Part of ritual site that catches attention - Bring focus to key part of the site; facilitates ritual taking place - Can be through layout/design means |
| Focus of attention Example | West Kennet - Adult males; end chamber at end of narrow corridor (1st thing to be seen); signify importance - Large mound; stands out from landscape, indicate the sites presence |
| Funerary ritual Definition | N/A |
| Funerary ritual Example | N/A |
| Grave goods Definition | N/A |
| Grave goods Example | N/A |
| Inhumation Definition | - Burying of a body in the ground - Ritual practice - Mortuary practice - Remove taint of putrefying flesh from living community |
| Inhumation Example | N/A |
| Liminal Definition | - Boundary zone between one world and the next (portal/gateway) - Living may communicate with the dead - Limbo between worlds that can be dangerous |
| Liminal Example | N/A |
| Magic Definition | N/A |
| Magic Example | N/A |
| Monotheism Definition | - Worshipping & belief in one God; oversees all aspects of life - No belief in a pantheon of Gods |
| Monotheism Example | N/A |
| Myth Definition | N/A |
| Myth Example | N/A |
| Pilgram Definition | - Person undertaking a special journey to a religious place for worship - Possible special route - May pray/complete religious activities on the way |
| Pilgrim Example | Thornborough - Cumbrian axe head (500/600m, Northern henge) from lake district (80 miles away) - Brought by pilgrim? |
| Polytheism Definition | - Belief in multiple deities - May be responsible for different aspects of life (eg: Poseidon, God of the sea) - May be responsible for day-to-day concerns & spiritual concerns - Deities may form a 'pantheon' (group) |
| Polytheism Example | Gundestrup cauldron 4 Gods & 4 Goddesses - tell an important story/belief? |
| Prayer/participation Definition | N/A |
| Prayer/participation Example | N/A |
| Priest/Ritual Specialist Definition | N/A |
| Priest/Ritual Specialist Example | N/A |
| Propitiation/Votives Definition | N/A |
| Propitiation/Votives Example | N/A |
| Purity & Cleansing Definition | - Removal of sin/dirtiness/taint (washing away impurities) - Make something/someone acceptable to deities/spirits --> to enter afterlife |
| Purity & Cleansing Example | Excarnation form of this. Holme-next-to-the-sea; upturned tree stump = excarnation table? |
| Rites of passage Definition | N/A |
| Rites of passage Example | N/A |
| Rites of intensification Definition | - Time of discomfort/stress for community (eg; death of important person/natural disaster) - Feelings become intense & event takes place - Aim to return community to normality |
| Rites of intensification Example | West Kennet - Bones used in many rituals (before being sealed away) which is evident by smoothness of bones - Significant importance on people 'buried' in the tomb |
| Ritual Definition | - Repeated acts carried out in accordance with beliefs - Occur at special times, special places - May need special clothes, equipment, words & movements |
| Ritual Example | West Kennet - Bones in side communal tomb; smooth (indicates repeated handling) - Ritual linked to ancestor cult; appeasement of ancestors occurred regularly & repeatedly |
| Ritual feasting Definition | N/A |
| Ritual feasting Example | N/A |
| Sacrifice Definition | N/A |
| Sacrifice Example | N/A |
| Sensory experience Definition | N/A |
| Sensory experience Example | N/A |
| Shamanism Definition | N/A |
| Shamanism Example | N/A |
| Shrine/Temple/Ritual structure Definition | N/A |
| Shrine/Temple/Ritual structure Example | N/A |
| Symbolism Definition | - Presentation of abstract idea (difficult to express) - Image or symbol - Help to understand ritual belief; especially in non-literate societies - Give sense of belonging/identity |
| Symbolism Example | Venus Figurines Willendorf; symbolizes mother goddess --> exaggerated reproductive features |
| Totemism Definition | - Special relationship: between a group & special animal spirits, can represent community or be sacred - May be rules about how animal is treated - Animal spirit may guide/protect its people |
| Totemism Example | N/A |
| Worldview Definition | - A set of ideas - Way of looking at the world > Explains our place in relation to physical & supernatural (spiritual) worlds - Ideas often influence ritual structures - Provides origin explanations |
| Worldview Example | N/A |
| Worship Definition | N/A |
| Worship Example | N/A |
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