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Description
Flashcards by cdbrisson1, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by cdbrisson1
almost 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hindsight Bias | when, after an event occurs, we feel we already knew what was going to happen |
| Overconfidence | refers to the tendency to be very sure of a fact and later finding that the objective reality was different. |
| Scientific Method | a method of research in which a problem is identified, relevant data are gathered, a hypothesis is formulated from these data, and the hypothesis is empirically tested. |
| Hypothesis | a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation. |
| Operational Definitons | a result of the process of operationalization and is used to define something |
| Case Study | a study of an individual unit, as a person, family, or social group, usually emphasizing developmental issues and relationships with the environment, especially in order to compare a larger group to the individual unit. |
| Survey | to take a general or comprehensive view of or appraise, as a situation, area of study |
| Naturalistic Observation | is a method of observing people in their normal environment. |
| Correlation | mutual relation of two or more things, parts, etc. |
| Correlation Coefficient | a statistical measure of the degree to which changes to the value of one variable predict change to the value of another. |
| Scatterplot | a set of points plotted on a horizontal and vertical axes. |
| Illusory Correlation | refers to when we perceive that a relationship exists between two variables (i.e. behaviors, events, items, or people) when there is not a strong relationship between the two. |
| Central Tendency | describes average of a distribution. Median is middle scpre when data is ordered by size. Mean is average of scores. Mode is most frequent score. |
| Confounding Variables | Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Numbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample. |
| Ethical guidelines for Human Research | 10 informed consent 2) Voluntary participation 3) Debriefing 4) Con fidentiality |
| Experiment | Research method that involves manipulation of an independent variable under controlled conditions and measurement of its effects on a dependent variable. |
| Experimental Group | Group your experimenting on |
| Inferential Statisctics | Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions. |
| Normal Distribution | Represented by a normal curve symmetric with mean, mode, and median the same score. |
| Placebo | Physical of psychological treatment give to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but contains no active ingredients. |
| Population | All of the individuals in the group to which the study applies. |
| Quantitative Data | Information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling. |
| Quasi-Experiment | Measurement of DV when random assignment to groups of randomly selected sample is not possible. |
| Random Assignment | Division of the sample in an experiment into groups so that every individual has an equal chance of being put in any group of conditions. |
| Random Selection | Choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of ebing chosen for a sample. |
| Reliability | Consistency or repeatability of results. |
| Skewed Distribution | Distribution with most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail. |
| Research Bias | Tendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis & ignore contradictory evidence. |
| Participant Bias | Tendency for research participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed. |
| Positive Correlation | +1.00; means 2 variables move in opposite directions indicates there is NO relationship between 2 variables. |
| Negative Correlation | -1.00; mena 2 variables move in opposite directions. |
| Zero Correlation | Indicates there is NO relationship between 2 variables. |
| Longitudinal Study | studies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time. |
| Cross-sectional study | Compares individuals at various ages at ONE POINT in time. |
| Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance. |
| Dependent Varibale | What is being measured in an experiment. |
| Mean | the average. |
| Median | middle score |
| Mode | the most |
| Normal Distribution | forms a bell shaped or symmetrical curve (upside down U) |
| 68-95-99.7 Rule | means 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean. |
| Standard Deviation | Shows how far scores vary from the mean score. |
| Ethical Principles for Animal Research | 1) Research must have a clear, scientific purpose. 2) Provide humane living conditions for animals. 3) Legally obtain animals 4) Least amount of suffering. |
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