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Description
Flashcards by sophiewalkerrock, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sophiewalkerrock
almost 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Acceleration | The rate of change of an objects velocity. a=v/t Unit: ms-2 |
| Average Speed | Total distance travelled by an object divided by the total time taken. |
| Braking distance | The distance travelled by a vehicle from the moment when the brakes are applied until the vehicle comes to a stop. |
| Brittle | Describes a material that shows no plastic deformation and breaks just beyond its elastic limit. |
| Centre of Gravity | The point where the entire weight of an object appears to act. |
| Components (of a vector) | The magnitudes of a vector quantity in two perpendicular directions. |
| Compressive | A force that squeezes an object |
| Density | The mass per unit volume of a material. p=m/V Unit: kgm-3 |
| Displacement | The distance moved by an object in a particular direction(measured from a fixed starting point) |
| Ductile | Describes a material that can easily be drawn into wires (e.g. copper) |
| Dynamics | A study of motion involving force and mass. |
| Efficiency | The ratio of useful output energy to the total input energy for a device, expressed as a percentage. Efficiency= Useful output energy x100 Total input energy |
| Elastic | Describes a material which will return to its original shape once the forces are removed. |
| Elastic Limit | The value of stress beyond which an object will not return to its original dimensions. |
| Elastic Potential Energy | Energy stored in an extended or compressed material. |
| Equations of motion |
Image:
linearformula (image/png)
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| Equilibrium | An object in equilibrium is either at rest or travelling with a constant velocity because the net force on it is zero. |
| Extension | The change in the length of a material from its original length. |
| Force Constant | The ratio of force to extension for a spring or a wire. Unit: Nm-1 |
| Gravitational Potential Energy | Energy stored by an object by vitue of its position in the Earths gravitational field. |
| Hooke's Law | The extension produced in an object is proportional to the force producing it, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded. |
| Inertia | A measure of the mass of an object. A massive object has a large inertia. |
| Instantaneous speed | The speed of an object measured over a very short period of time. |
| Kilo-watt hour | The energy transferred by a 1kW device in a time of 1 hour. 1kWh= 3.6 kJ |
| Kinematics | A study of motion using quantities such as time, distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of an object due to its motion |
| Mass | A measure of the amount of matter within an object. Unit: Kilograms |
| Moment | The moment of a force about a point is the magnitude of the force, multiplied by the perpendicular distance of the point from the line of the force. Unit: Nm |
| Newton | The force that will give a 1kg mass an acceleration of 1ms-2 in the direction of the force. 1N = 1kgms-2 |
| Plastic Deformation | The deformation of a material past its elastic limit. |
| Power | The rate at which energy is transferred or the rate at which work is done. Unit: watt (W) |
| Pressure | The force acting normally per unit area of a surface. p=F/A Unit: Nm-2 or Pa |
| Principal of Moments | The sum of clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about the same point. |
| Projectile | Any object thrown in the Earths gravitational field. |
| Range | The horizontal distance covered by an object. |
| Resultant Force | The net force acting on an object. |
| Scalar Quantity | A scalar quantity has magnitude but no direction. |
| Speed | The rate of change of the distance moved by an object. Speed = Distance/time Unit: ms-1 |
| Stopping Distance | The sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance |
| Strain | The extension per unit length produced by tensile or compressive forces. Strain= extension original length |
| Stress | The force acting per unit cross-sectional area. Stress= Force Cross-sectional area Unit: Nm-2 |
| Tensile | A term used to denote tension or pull |
| Terminal velocity | The constant velocity of an object travelling through a fluid. The net force of an object is zero. |
| Thinking distance | The distance travelled by a vehicle in a time equal to the reaction time of the driver. |
| Torque | The product of one of the forces of a couple and the perpendicular distance between them. Unit: Nm |
| Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) | The breaking stress of a material. UTS = Breaking force Cross-sectional area |
| Uniform Acceleration Uniform Motion | Acceleration that remains constant. Motion of an object travelling with a constant acceleration. |
| Vector Addition Vector Triangle | Using a drawing, often to scale, to find the resultant vector. A triangle drawn to determine the resultant of two vectors. |
| Vector Quantity | A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. |
| Velocity | The rate of change of the displacement of an object. Velocity = Change in displacement time Unit: ms-1 |
| Weight | The force of an object caused by a gravitational field acting on its mass. Weight = mass x acceleration of free fall Unit: newtons (N) |
| Work Done | The product of the force and the distance moved by the force in the direction of travel. |
| Young Modulus | The ratio of stress to strain for a given material, resulting from tensile forces, provided Hooke's law is obeyed. Young modulus=Stress/strain Unit: Pa |
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