| Question | Answer |
| Conduction | Heat transfer through rapid vibration of atoms and molecules |
| Thermal conductors | Substances in which conduction occurs easily (e.g. metal) |
| Thermal insulators | Substances in which conduction occurs only a little |
| U-value | Amount of heat energy conducted per second through 1 metre squared of a structure when a temperature difference of 1K is maintained between its ends |
| Convection | Transfer of heat via the movement of fluids |
| Convection current | Heated fluid expands, becomes less dense, and rises through the cooler fluid above it |
| Main method of heat transfer in liquids and gases | Convection |
| Radiation | Heat transfer via electromagnetic waves |
| Solar irradiance | Average amount of the Sun's energy falling per second perpendicularly on 1 metre squared of the Earth's surface |
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