531565
Description
Flashcards by ecmarchese, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ecmarchese
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are 3 types of trauma? | Non-penetrating/blunt, penetrating, latrogenic |
| What are 2 life threatening consequences of trauma? | Excessive hemorrhage or blood loss, cardiac tamponade. |
| Accounts for 25% of all traumatic deaths annually in the US? | Non-penetrating/blunt chest trauma |
| Direct sternal compression on the heart. | Non-penetrating/ blunt chest trauma |
| What non-penetrating/ blunt chest trauma cause? | Increase in intrathoracic pressures from trauma to the chest or abdomen. (Swelling) |
| RWMA | Regional wall motion abnormalities |
| What are the echo findings for blunt trauma? | Increased wall thickness at end diastole due to swelling RWMA, increased echogenicity, chamber enlargement, mural thrombus, pericardial effusion |
| This can cause complications Similar to MI, RV is the most susceptible, ventricular aneurysm/ pseudo and arrhythmia | Cardiac contusion (bruised myocardium) |
| What are the complications of blunt trauma? | Pericardial effusion, tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, cardiac contusion |
| What is the most common complication of blunt trauma? | Pericardial effusion |
| What is a long term complication of blunt trauma? | Constrictive pericarditis |
| These rarely occur (9%), and the left side valves most often affected due to increased pressures. | Valvular injuries (blunt trauma) |
| This valve is vulnerable in early diastole and may cause the valve to rupture. | Aortic valve |
| What would you find valve injuries to the aortic valve? | AI, diastolic aortic flutter, posterior motion of the affected cusp, and wide excursion of the valve. |
| This valve is vulnerable in diastole causing injury to the chordae or papillary muscle | Mitral valve |
| What would you find in trauma to the mitral valve? | Acute MR, flail leaflets, obstruction of MV orifice |
| This valve injury is associated with rupture of the RV free wall. | Tricuspid valve |
| What would you find with a tricuspid valve injury? | TR, flail leaflet, ruptured chordae or papillary muscle |
| What's the only solution for great vessel injury? | Emergency surgical repair |
| With a great vessel injury what will you see? | X-ray shows widening of mediastinum due to broken sternum |
| These are hemodynamically unstable, and most often present with lacerated aorta, lacerated PA | Great vessel injury blunt trauma |
| Are great vessel injury fatal? | Yes, usually within one hour |
| Trauma to the heart due to knives, bullets, projectiles | Penetrating injury |
| What is most effected with penetrating injury? | RV is most often affected and often pts die due to tamponade |
| List in order what structures are affected with penetrating injury? | RV, LV, RA, LA |
| What are some echo findings for penetrating trauma? | Postoperative echo for presence of residual injury, PE, abnormal wall motion, chamber enlargement, foreign fragments |
| This is a hole in the artery and vein that due to pressure force together, and have to be surgically separated. | AV fistula |
| When doing an echo what do we use Doppler when evaluating a penetrating trauma? | Shunts, valvular lesions, AV fistula |
| Injury due to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. | Latrogenic injury |
| During heart catheterization, what type of injuries can you acquire? | Perforated coronary artery, aortic dissection, perforations of chambers, injury to valves, fractured catheter pieces, ruptured sinus of Valsalva |
| What are 4 different types of latrogenic injuries? | Heart catheter, balloon valvuloplasty, pericardiocentesis, cardiac pacemakers |
| This procedure causes man made arterial septal defects, and the rupture of chordae tendinae? | Balloon valvuloplasty |
| This procedure can result in a Punctured myocardium. | Pericardiocentesis |
| This procedure can cause perforation of atriums/ ventricles/ septums, pericardial effusion/ tamponade. | Cardiac pacemakers |
| During this procedure there is an increased risk of RV perforation. | Myocardial biopsy |
| What is the most common problem after cardiac surgery? | PE/ tamponade |
| This procedure can cause PE, adhesions, extra cardinal blood clots, compression of RV, pseudo aneurysms | Cardiac surgery |
| This procedure can cause a laceration of the heart, rupture of the heart, RV papillary muscle rupture or dysfunction, and a laceration or rupture of the great vessels | CPR |
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