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Description
Flashcards by littlei101, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by littlei101
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Validity | The extent to which data gives a true picture of the subject being studied. |
| Objectivity | When a researchers values do not affect their work. |
| Primary Data | Information obtained directly by the sociologist. |
| Secondary Resources | Information obtained from other sources and produced by someone other than the sociologist conducting the research. |
| Operationalise | The process of defining a concept in a way which makes them measurable. |
| Gatekeeper | A person who allows a researcher access to an individual or group |
| Sample Frame | A list of al those from among which the sample will be selected |
| Random Sample | A sample technique where everybody in the sample has an equal chance of selection. |
| Systematic Sample | Any number is chosen at random (n) then every nth person in a sample frame is selected. |
| Stratified Sample | A sample that takes note of and mirrors significant differences in the sample population, for example, gender, age, ethnicity. |
| Quota Sample | As above but without the possibility of non-response, and with the respondents actually chosen by the fieldworker. |
| Snowball Sample | sample that grows in number via personal relationships |
| Interpretivism | The belief that all human actions are purposive and need interpreting, 'facts do not speak for themselves'. |
| Positivism | The method of science |
| Hypothesis | A statement that can be tested about the relationship between two or more variables |
| Lab Experiment | An experiment conducted in specially built surroundings |
| Field Experiment | An experiment conducted in everyday social settings |
| Hawthorne Effect | Changes in behaviour of participants resulting from an awareness that they are taking part in an experiment |
| Pilot Study | A preliminary study designed to identify any problems with the main study |
| Interviewer bias | The effect that the interviewer has on the respondent's answers |
| Ethnography | The study of the way of life of a group of people |
| Triangulation | Combining different research methods and different types of data in order to check the validity and reliability of findings |
| Going Native | Observer looses their objectivity as a researcher and begins to identify with the group to the point that they become one of them. (the researcher becomes bias) |
| Event Sampling | This is where the researcher records an event every time it happends, e.g tick a box |
| Time Sampling | This is where the researcher decided on a time. E.g every minute and records what behaviour is occuring at that selected time. |
| Unstructured Observation | This is where the researcher records the behaviour they see- in note form - producing qualitative data. |
| Structured Observation | This is here the researcher decidees upon a pre-determined list of behaviours. The researcher uses a coding scheme to systematically catergorise behaviours observed. |
| Methodological pluralism | where the sociologist employ more than one method |
| Independent variable | The variable that is changed/manipulated |
| Dependent variable | The variable that is measured |
| Extraneous variables | Variables other than the IV that could affect the DV |
| Confounding variables | Variables other than the IV that will affect the DV |
| Control group | Doesn't experience the independent variables |
| Hawthorne effect | Research participants may behave differently because they know they are being studied/ The presence of the researcher affects the responses of the participant. |
| Ecological Validity | The extent to which the conditions of the researcher refelects normal everyday life. |
| Representativeness | The extent to which a sample mirrors the key characterisrics of the target population under study. |
| Generalisiablity | Results obtained from a sample can be applied to the target populationas a whole. Results can only be generalised if the sample is in some way representative. |
| Social Desirability Bias | Respondents present themselves in a positive light in order to please or impress the researcher |
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