6410952
Description
Flashcards by Britney Matthews, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Britney Matthews
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the 3 types of muscle tissue? | skeletal smooth cardiac |
| Skeletal Muscle | VOLUNTARY by SNS STRIATED - somatic makes up gross skeletal muscles moves and stabilize bones |
| Cardiac Muscle | INVOLUNTARY by ANS STRIATED - visceral forms most of heart and adjacent parts walls pumps blood |
| Smooth Muscle | INVOLUNTARY by ANS UNSTRIATED - visceral most vessels and hollow organs move substances thru them by sequential contractions (pulsations or peristalitic contractions) |
| 3 parts of Skeletal Muscle | Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium |
| 2 types of Skeletal Fiber Orientation | Parallel Pennate |
| What is a motor unit? | motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates - small and large |
| In order for a muscle to work it... | must cross a joint |
| A muscle primarily performs its action based on... | its attachment points |
| What is muscle attachments? | Its origin and insertion sites or proximal and distal attachments |
| Do all skeletal/striated muscle attach to bone? | False, exceptions are the around eyes and in the fingers |
| Aponeuroses | flat sheet tendons that anchor the muscle to the skeleton and/or to deep fascia, or the aponeurosis of another muscle |
| How are muscles named? | Based on their function or bone attachment or based on their position or length. |
| Flat Muscles | parallel fibers with aponeurosis Ex. external oblique or sartorius |
| Pennate Muscles | feather-like in arrangement of fascicles can be unipennate, bipennate, multipennate |
| Fusiform Muscles | spindle shaped with round thick muscle belly and tapered ends |
| Quadrate Muscle | has 4 equal sides Ex. rectus abdominis |
| What functions do muscles have? | Can be: Prime movers (agonists) Antagonist Synergists Fixators |
| Prime movers (agonist) Muscles | produces specific movement - contracts concentrically - does most of the work Ex. bicep flexing |
| Antagonist Muscles | opposes the action of another muscle (aka. prime mover or synergists) - eccentrically contacts Ex. tricep to bicep flexing |
| Synergists | complement prime movers actions Directly or indirectly assist Ex. trapezius in elevation of shoulders |
| Fixators | steadies the proximal parts of a limb through isometric contraction while movement occurs at the distal part. - can be shunt muscles. |
| What nerves supply skeletal muscles? | Motor nerves usually through the deep aspect of muscle. |
| What are the specific skeletal muscle functions? | Contracting Reflexive Tonic Contraction Active Contraction Isotonic/Isometric change in length |
| Isotonic movements can either be... | Concentric (produce movement by shortening) or Eccentric (movement by controlled relaxation) |
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