773811
Description
Flashcards by Fionnghuala Malone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Fionnghuala Malone
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Agenda | Topic/subject of conversation |
| Archaisms (Archaic Language) | Old fashioned words that are no longer used |
| Backchannelling | Feedback offered by one or more listeners to main speaker |
| Backtracking | Interruption of the sequence of an utterance to include information that should have been included earlier |
| Blend | Bits of words chopped off and then joined to form a new word - chillax |
| Borrowing | Taking words from other languages |
| Clipping | Chopping off parts of a word or expression |
| Colloquial Speech | Natural everyday speech - language spoken as opposed to actually written |
| Compounding | Combining two existing words to form a single word - laptop |
| Contractions | Two words joined together by omitting a letter or letters and inserting an apostrophe |
| Convergence | Language used by the speaker moves closer to the other speaker- adapted speech |
| Deixis | Pointing words that directly relate to the situation |
| Dialects | Language varieties where grammar and vocabulary identify the regional and social background |
| Dialogue | Conversation between two or more people |
| Direct speech | Speech using the speakers original words |
| Indirect speech | Reports what someone said- he said "..." |
| Discourse | Spoken or written language that is longer than a sentence |
| Discourse marker | Utterance which moves the conversation on to another topic |
| Divergence | Language used by a person moves away from that used by another |
| Ellipses ... | Indicates an unfinished utterance or something that has been omitted |
| Ellipsis | Missing out a word, often a noun or pronoun |
| Ellision | Missing letters off the start of words OR Running/slurring words/sounds together |
| Embedded Dialogue | Reported conversation contained with an utterance |
| False start (Self-Correction/Repair) | Correcting oneself due to either hesitation or thinking time |
| Figuarative language | Makes use of a metaphor or simile to create a particular impression or mood |
| Fillers | Words that have little expression/meaning. Normally used to 'fill' conversation |
| Genderlect | Refers to variety of language which is characteristic of men or women |
| Head | Repetition of the subject at the start of a sentence but in a different form |
| Hedging | Padding added to bald statements, often intentionally to soften a request or statement |
| Hesitations | Indicated by pauses, repetition, reformulated phrases |
| Idiolect | Language system acquired by individuals as a result of their personal characteristics, belief, social upbringing |
| Idiom | Figure of speech, usually not meant literally |
| Initial position conjunction | Conjunctions used at the start of a sentence |
| Intensifiers | Usually adverbs or adverbials that intensify meaning and are used to create force and emotion |
| Intonation | Sound of someones speech- pace, pitch, tone |
| Jargon | Words/expressions specific to particular subjects often precise and complex |
| Latch-Ons (Overlaps) | Indicate that someone is talking over another person's utterance |
| Leixis | Words/vocab in language |
| Micropause | Pause of less than a second - (.) |
| Minimal response | Brief responses such as 'yeah' 'mmm' |
| Mitigation | Softened commands, being polite. -Would you mind...? |
| Modifier | Adjectives or adverbs qualifying the sense of nouns or verbs respectivley |
| Non standard grammar (English) | Wrong verbal tense, double negatives |
| Open Question | Question with many possible responses - What is your favourite colour? |
| Closed Question | Question with set responses - Do you like ham? Yes/No? |
| Overlapping | When one speaker starts before the previous speaker has finished |
| Paralinguistic Features | Oral signals - laughs, shrugs, sighs |
| Pauses | Indicate indecision, uncertainty |
| Phatic Talk | Made up of formulaic utterances with stock responses |
| Phonology | Sound of speech including itonation |
| Pragmatics | Way of explaining language use in context |
| Register & Tone | Describe the lexis and formality at work in someones speech or writing |
| Self monitoring | Devices used by speakers to involve their audience and to check they are listening |
| Interrogative | A question |
| Declarative | A statement |
| Imperative | Command/ Request/warning |
| Exclamation | Abrupt/empathic or excited utterance |
| Slang | Informal spoken language which is normally group specific |
| Sociolects | Language varieties that reflect social background |
| Syntax | order of words in a sentence- |
| Taboo language | Language considered forbidden - swearing |
| Tag | Clause tagged on the end of an utterance |
| Tag questions | familiar questions normally added to a declarative |
| Tail | Similar to tag but doesn't include a verb |
| Three part exchange | Utterances linked in a obvious or clear way usually rallied between two speakers |
| Timed pause | Pause always timed in seconds (1) (0.5) |
| Topic loop | Utterance which returns the conversation to a earlier topic |
| Topic shift | Focus of a communication moving from one topic to another |
| Transcription | Printed version of a conversation |
| Utterances | Complete unit of talk, bounded by the speakers silence |
| Vague language | Imprecise or wooly |
| Verbose | When someone uses more words than needed |
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