8409101
Description
Flashcards by Keren Davies , updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Keren Davies
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Intuitionism | Ethical principles are known innately through intuition |
| G.E. Moore (Principa Ethica) | Good - indefinable simple idea Yellow Can't be proved empirically |
| Simple Idea | Can't be broken down eg. yellow |
| Complex idea | Broken down into constituent parts eg. horse = quadruped, herbivore, mammal... |
| Naturalistic fallacy | Moral judgements aren't fact. Can't describe "good" via natural properties such as pleasing |
| H.A. Pritchard | Thinking - course of action Reasoning - collects facts Intuition weighs obligation based on facts |
| W.D. Ross (Foundation of Ethics) | Prima Facie duties to follow over alternate over riding obligation Guide not rule Difference between right and good |
| Prima Facie | Promise, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficience, self-improvement & non-maleficence - correct but incomplete |
| Criticism of Intuitionism | Intuitionists disagree on self evident principle. Moore = teleological Ross = duty based |
| Ethical naturalism | Objective moral principles that we have empirical knowledge of Immoral = fact & perception of wrongness |
| Theological naturalism | Aquinas - goodness is linked to God's will God defines morality |
| Hedonic naturalists | Goodness = fact of pleasure Perry, "good is object of favour", "right is conducive to happiness" |
| F.H Bradley (Ethical Studies) | Morals - self realisation & position Learnt from family, community - station = duties |
| Emotivism | Ethical non-naturalism |
| Vienna Circle | Logical positivists acted on the Vf principle. |
| Hume | Cant's go from factual statement "is" to moral "ought" |
| Synthetic | Tested by sense perception |
| Analytic | True by definition |
| Boo-hurrah | All moral statements are merely expressions of preference, no one is right |
| Who invented Boo-hurrah? | A. J. Ayer (Language, truth and logic) |
| Two elements of moral judgement (C. L. Stevenson) | Expression of attitude based on belief Persuasive element to influence |
| According to Stevenson, what were moral disagreements? | Not disagreements at all, agree upon principle but not the course of action. Only real if considering right and wrong |
| Criticisms of emotivism | James Rachels - wrong to remove reason from ethics, more to moral statements than feeling (boo-hurrah) Reduces common reaction to atrocities |
| Strength of Emotivism | Important contribution to ethical language as important. Raised q's about normative approaches. |
| What is prescriptivism? | Objective moral statements which command and act as a guide in moral decision making |
| What is universalisability? | Moral statements eg. Golden Rule, extend to all similar situations. |
| Who established prescriptivism? | R. M. Hare (Language and Morals) |
| Strength of prescriptivism | Requires that moral system maintains common rules. |
| Criticisms of Prescriptivism | J. L. Mackie - rejects universalisability, claims people have different preferences so Golden Rule could not always dictate the best course of action |
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