868373
Description
Flashcards by Stephen Cole, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Stephen Cole
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Catalyst | Substance which speeds up a chemical reaction but is chemically unchanged at the end |
| Hess's Law | The enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the route taken |
| Le Chatelier's Principle | If a factor affecting the equilibrium of a reversible reaction is changed, the position of equilibrium will shift in the direction which opposes that change. |
| Electronegativity | The power of an atom to withdraw electron density from a covalent bond |
| Enthalpy change | Change in heat content at constant pressure |
| Enthalpy | A measure of the heat content of a substance |
| Mean bond enthalpy | The enthalpy required to break a covalent bond, averaged over a wide range of compounds |
| Standard enthalpy of combustion | Enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen with all reactants and products in standard states under standard conditions |
| Standard enthalpy of formation | Enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed from its constituent elements with all reactants and products in standard states under standard conditions. |
| Relative atomic mass | (average mass of one atom)/(mass of one atom of 12 C) x12 |
| Carbon neutral | No net carbon (dioxide) emissions to atmosphere |
| Hydration | The addition of water to a molecule/compound. |
| Structural isomerism | Compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae |
| Free radical | Atom or molecule with an unpaired electron |
| Reducing agent | A species that donates electrons |
| Ore | A rock containing enough metal for extraction to be profitable |
| Oxidising agent | A species that gains electrons in a redox reaction |
| Reduction | Gain of electrons |
| Oxidation | Loss of electrons |
| Disproportionation | A redox reaction where some atoms of an element are oxidised and some atoms of the same element are reduced. |
| Empirical formula | The simplest ratio of the number of atoms of each element in a compound |
| Molecular formula | The number of atoms of each element in a molecule |
| First ionisation energy | Energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state to form one mole of ions with a +1 charge |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Mass number | Number of protons + number of neutrons |
| Rate of reaction | Change in concentration of a substance / reactant / product per unit time |
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