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Chapter 42

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1 Psych 101 Quiz on Chapter 42, created by Priscilla Disla1994 on 29/04/2015.
Priscilla Disla1994
Quiz by Priscilla Disla1994, updated more than 1 year ago
Priscilla Disla1994
Created by Priscilla Disla1994 over 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ______; it is favored by ______ therapists.
Answer
  • active listening; cognitive
  • unconditional positive regard; humanistic
  • free association; psychoanalytic
  • systematic desensitization; behavior

Question 2

Question
Of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature?
Answer
  • psychoanalysis
  • humanistic therapy
  • behavior therapy
  • cognitive therapy

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychoanalysis?
Answer
  • it emphasizes the existence of repressed memories
  • it provides interpretations that are hard to disprove
  • it is generally a very expensive process
  • it gives therapists too much control over patients

Question 4

Question
Which of the following is NOT necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies?
Answer
  • they tend to take less time for the therapist
  • they tend to cost less money for the client
  • they are more effective
  • they allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context

Question 5

Question
The effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through clients' perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found?
Answer
  • Clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy
  • whereas clients' perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results
  • whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress
  • clients' perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy

Question 6

Question
Cognitive-behavioral therapy aims to
Answer
  • alter the way people act
  • make people more aware of their irrational negative thinking
  • alter the way people act and think
  • countercondition anxiety-provoking stimuli

Question 7

Question
The results of outcome research on the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveal that
Answer
  • no single type of therapy is consistently superior
  • behavior therapies are most effective in treating specific problems, such as phobias
  • cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions
  • all of these statements are true

Question 8

Question
Psychologists who advocate a __________ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's __________.
Answer
  • biomedical; diet
  • family; behavior
  • humanistic; feelings
  • preventive; environment

Question 9

Question
An eclectic psychotherapist is one who
Answer
  • takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems
  • views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as biological abnormality
  • uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning, in treating disorders
  • uses a variety of techniques, depending on the client and the problem

Question 10

Question
The technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called
Answer
  • active listening
  • free association
  • systematic desensitization
  • transference

Question 11

Question
The technique of ystematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are
Answer
  • a reflection of irrational thinking
  • conditioned responses
  • expressions of unfulfilled wishes
  • all of these things

Question 12

Question
The operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later be exchanged for various rewards is called
Answer
  • counterconditioning
  • systematic desensitization
  • a token economy
  • exposure therapy

Question 13

Question
One variety of __________ therapy is based on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to ______________.
Answer
  • humanistic; themselves
  • behavior; external cirumstances
  • cognitive; external circumstances
  • cognitive; themselves

Question 14

Question
A person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of
Answer
  • natural recovery
  • the placebo effect
  • the transference effect
  • interpretation

Question 15

Question
Before 1950, the main mental health providers were
Answer
  • psychologists
  • paraprofessionals
  • psychiatrists
  • the clergy

Question 16

Question
Carl Rogers was a ____________ therapist who was the creator of _____________.
Answer
  • behavior; systematic desensitization
  • psychoanalytic; insight therapy
  • humanistic; client-centered therapy
  • cognitive; cognitive therapy for depression

Question 17

Question
Using techniques of classical conditioning to develop an association between unwanted behavior and an unpleasant experience is known as
Answer
  • aversive conditioning
  • systematic desensitization
  • transference
  • exposure therapy

Question 18

Question
Which type of psychotherapy emphasizes the individual's inherent potential for self-fulfillment?
Answer
  • behavior therapy
  • psychodynamic therapy
  • humanistic therapy
  • biomedical therapy

Question 19

Question
Light exposure therapy has proven useful as a form of treatment for people suffering from
Answer
  • bulimia
  • a seasonal pattern of depression symptoms
  • schizophrenia
  • dissociative identity disorder

Question 20

Question
Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing unwanted behaviors rather than discovering their underlying causes?
Answer
  • behavior therapy
  • cognitive therapy
  • humanistic therapy
  • psychodynamic therapy

Question 21

Question
The techniques of counter-conditioning are based on principles of
Answer
  • observational learning
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • behavior modification

Question 22

Question
In which of the following does the client learn to associate a relaxed state with a hierarchy of anxiety-arousing situations?
Answer
  • cognitive therapy
  • aversive conditioning
  • counter-conditioning
  • systematic desensitization

Question 23

Question
Principles of operant conditioning underlie which of the following techniques?
Answer
  • counter-conditioning
  • systematic desensitization
  • aversive conditioning
  • the token economy

Question 24

Question
Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of behavior therapy?
Answer
  • clients may rely too much on extrinsic rewards for their new behaviors
  • behavior control is unethical
  • outside the therapeutic setting, the new behavior may disappear
  • all of these are criticisms of behavior therapy

Question 25

Question
Which type of therapy focuses on eliminating irrational thinking?
Answer
  • EMDR
  • client-centered
  • cognitive therapy
  • behavior therapy

Question 26

Question
Which form of therapy is MOST likely to be successful in treating depression?
Answer
  • behavior modification
  • psychoanalysis
  • cognitive therapy
  • humanistic therapy

Question 27

Question
A psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be MOST likely to view disordered behavior as
Answer
  • maladaptive thoughts and actions
  • expressions of unconscious conflicts
  • conditioned responses
  • an understandable response to stressful social conditions

Question 28

Question
Among the common ingredients of the psychotherapies is
Answer
  • the offer of a therapeutic relationship
  • the expectation among clients that the therapy will prove helpful
  • the chance to develop a fresh perspective on oneself and the world
  • all of these are common ingredients

Question 29

Question
Family therapy differs from other forms of psychotherapy because it focuses on
Answer
  • using a variety of treatment techniques
  • conscious rather than unconscious processes
  • the present instead of the past
  • how family tensions may cause individual problems

Question 30

Question
One reason that aversive conditioning may only be temporarily effective os that
Answer
  • for ethical reasons, therapists cannot use sufficiently intense unconditioned stimuli to sustain classical conditioning
  • patients are often unable to become sufficiently relaxed for conditioning to take place
  • patients know that outside the therapist's office they can engage in the undesirable behavior without fear of aversive consequences
  • most conditioned responses are elicited by many nonspecific stimuli and it is impossible to countercondition them all
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