458196
| Question | Answer |
| standardisation | making all variations of language conform to the standard |
| diachronic change | historical language change over a timespan |
| synchronic change | theoretical point in time, disregarding historical context |
| lexicon | the vocabulary of a language |
| political correctness | words or phrases used to replace those viewed as offensive |
| overt prestige | status of producer, using the most official and standard form of language e.g. Received Pronunciation and Standard English |
| covert prestige | status of producer who doesn't adopt a standard dialect |
| borrowing | introduction of a word from one language to another |
| eponym | the name of a person after whom something is named |
| proprietary names | the name given to a commercial product by one organisation, which is then commonly used for other products e.g. Hoover |
| acronym | word made up from initial letters of a phrase (sounded as a word) |
| initialism | word made from initial letters, each being pronounced |
| clipping | new word produced by shortening an existing one |
| affixation | addition of bound morphemes to an existing word |
| prefixes | addition of a bound morpheme to the beginning of a root word |
| suffixes | addition of a bound morpheme to the end of a root word |
| conversion | when a word changes its word class |
| compound | combining two separate words to create a new word |
| blend | two words fusing to make a new one |
| obsolete | no longer having any use |
| drift | process of linguistic change over a period of time |
| amelioration | when a word takes on a different, positive, meaning than previously - gaining status |
| pejoration | when a word takes on a different, negative, meaning than previously - losing status |
| weakening | when a word loses the strength of its original meaning |
| narrowing (specialisation) | when a word becomes more specific in its meaning |
| broadening (generalisation) | when a word keeps its original meaning, but also acquires others |
| euphemism | inoffensive word/phrase used to suggest something unpleasant |
| idiom | an expression that is peculiar grammatically, or cannot be understood from the clause element individual meanings |
| archaism | an old word/phrase no longer in general use |
| influential power | power used to influence/persuade |
| instrumental power | power used to maintain and enforce authority |
| omission | leaving out a phoneme in a cluster e.g. "hangin(g)" |
| assimilation | the effect of the pronunciation of one phoneme on another |
| informalisation | process of increasingly information language being used in all areas of society |
| received pronunciation | the prestige form of English pronunciation |
| divergence | when a person's language becomes more individualised, away from other individuals |
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