530271
Description
Flashcards by bethtucker50, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by bethtucker50
almost 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Birth rate | the number of births per 1,000 people per year in a region. |
| Branch plant | a factory built in a country by a TNC that has its headquarters elsewhere |
| Cluster | geographically concentrated group of connected industries and institutions e.g Central London is home to clusters of TV production companies. |
| core | the most developed and highly populated region of a country |
| cumulative causation | a model that explains why wealth becomes concentrated in certain places. |
| death rate | the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year in a region |
| Deindustrialisation | the decline of regionally important manufacturing industries |
| Dependancy | when a nation relies for income on outside sources and has only weak control over its own economic future |
| Development gap | the difference in levels of economic and social well-being between the richest and the poorest people on the planet |
| Displaced persons | people who are forced to move, by war, famine, political persecution or natural disaster |
| Ecological footprint | a measurement of an area of land or water required to provide a person/society witht the energy, resources and goods they consume and the waste that they produce. |
| Economic migrant | a migrant whose primary motivation is to seek employment |
| Elite | a group of people who are economically and socially powerful e.g Bill Gates |
| Export processing zone | a small industial area, where favourable conditions are created to attract foreign TNC's. |
| Externalities | the range of benefits and costs generated by economic activity that are not fully accounted for e.g pollution |
| Food miles | the distance food travels from a farm to a consumer |
| Foreign Direct Investment | a financial injection made by a TNC into a nation's economy e.g building new facilities |
| Global Hub | a settlement providing a focal point for activities that have a global influence |
| Global shift | the global- scale relocation of different types of industrial industry e.g manufacturing |
| Greying population | a population structure in which the proportion of people over the age of 65 is high and rising |
| Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | a measure of the financial value of goods and services produced with a territory |
| Human Development Index | A United Nations measure of economic and social development that takes into account income per capita, life expectancy and adult literacy |
| Illegal migrants | people who avoid border and immigration controls and enter a new country illegally |
| Internal migration | the movement of people between different regions within the same country |
| Intervening obstacles | barrier to a migrant such as a political border or physical feature e.g mountains |
| Intervening opportunity | an alternative migration destination that exists between the migrants place of origin and intended destination |
| Minimum wage | an hourly wage set by a nation's government that all companies must pay to their employees |
| Multiplier effect | the positive spin-offs that follow and initial investment in a region |
| Natural increase | the difference between the birth rate and the death rate, usually converted into a percentage |
| Net migration | the balance between immigration and emigration |
| Parent company | the original business that a global TNC has developed around e.g Walt Disney Company |
| Petro dollars | money derived from selling oil |
| Absolute poverty | income levels below what is needed to maintain an adequate diet |
| Relative poverty | income levels that are below average for a region |
| Purchasing Power Parity | a measure of average wealth of people in a country |
| Quaternary sector | country's employment strucure that includes research, IT, financial management |
| Rural-urban migration | a movement of population from rural to urban areas |
| Shrinking world | distant places start to feel closer and take less time to reach due to technology |
| Social mobility | the movement of individuals between different levels of the social hierarchy |
| Spatial division of labour | common practice among large companies of moving low-skilled work abroad to a place where labour costs are low |
| Structural adjustment programme | strict conditions imposed countries receiving loans from the IMF and World Bank |
| Switched-on places | nations,regions or cities that are strongly connected to other places through the production and the consumption of goods and services |
| Switched-off places | nations,regions or cities that are poorly connected |
| Technopole | a cluster of technologically innovative businesses and research institutes e.g Silicon Valley |
| Tertiary sector | also known as the service sector,consisting of businesses that produce no physical product but either sell a product or offer a service such as tourism/education |
| Transnational Corporation (TNC) | a company that has operations in more than one country |
| Volunary migrants | people who move for quality of life reasons |
| World city | a city with major economic and political power e.g New York |
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